The time evolution of fluctuation algebra in mean field theories

Fluctuation algebra is defined for equilibrium states of mean field theories. The time evolution is calculated; and, in contrast to interactions with finite range, the fluctuation algebra is not in a KMS state with respect to this time evolution though the underlying quasilocal state. If the system is coupled to an other system mimicking a laser then the evolution depends on the underlying mean field theory and shows varying large time behaviour, so that the fluctuations either rotate or increase linearly or exponentially in time, in correspondence to the stability of the underlying quasilocal state.     

Untersuchung von Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln auf Arsen (und Schwermetalle)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Regulation of peripheral spindle movement and spindle rotation during mouse oocyte meiosis: new perspectives.

Spindle movement, including spindle migration during first meiosis and spindle rotation during second meiosis, is essential for asymmetric divisions in mouse oocytes. Previous studies by others and us have shown that microfilaments are required for both spindle migration and rotation. In the present study, we aimed to further investigate the mechanism controlling spindle movement during mouse oocyte meiosis. By employing drug treatment and immunofluorescence microscopy, we showed that dynamic microtubule assembly was involved in both spindle migration and rotation. Furthermore, we found that the calcium/CaM/CaMKII pathway was important for regulating spindle rotation.     

Use of EGD for the characterization of fining processes of glass melt

The control and optimization of the glass-making process is a serious problem in glass production. An EGD procedure involving high-temperature vacuum extraction and total pressure measurement allows determination of the fining state (Läuterzustand) and fining behaviour (Läuterverhalten). The fining state is characterized by the contents of CO₂, N₂ and other gases from the batch reactions, and gas inclusions. Oxygen evolved in a second step is characteristic for the fining behaviour.

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Zusammenfassung Die Kontrolle und Optimierung des Gasgehaltes von Glasschmelzen ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Glasprouktion. Eine EGD-Technik mit Hilfe der Hochvakuumheißextraktion und Gasdruckmessung erlaubt, den Läuterzustand und das Läuterverhalten einer Glasprobe zu bestimmen. Der Läuterzustand wird durch die Gase aus den Gemengereaktionen und Gemengeeinschlüssen (CO₂, N₂ u. a.) bestimmt. Das Läuterverhalten ergibt sich aus der Menge des in einer zweiten Stufe extrahierbaren Sauerstoffs.

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Multiplet splitting patterns exhibited by the first row transition metal oxides in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

High resolution photoelectron spectra from transition metal ions in TiO₂, V₂O₅, VO₂, V₂O₃, MnO, Mn₂O₃, MnO₂, Cr₂O₃, FeO, CoO, NiO, CuO, Cu₂O, FeSrO₃, and Cu doped CaTiO₃ were re-examined using a constrained curve fitting approach. Effective fits of the multiplet splitting present could be attained for the oxides with unfilled 3d bands if multiple final states were assumed. The type of transitions implied, also suggest the classification of these oxides during core level photoelectron emission as either; Mott–Hubbard (V₂O₅, VO₂, V₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and FeO), intermediate (MnO, Mn₂O₃, and MnO₂) or charge transfer type compounds (FeSrO₃, CoO, NiO, CuO and Cu doped CaTiO₃). These transitions along with relationships defining the splitting energy with respect to the total spin and binding energy are discussed.     

Surface core level shifts in photo-electron spectra from the Ca, Sr and Ba titanates

Photoelectron binding energy (BE), shifts observed in core level spectra of Ca, Sr and Ba present at the outer most surface with respect to the bulk in the respective single crystal titanates can be correlated to the inverse of their respective electro-negativities. Such trends can be explained within the context of the charge potential model. This model, which does not account for final state effects, indicates that (a) the direction of the BE shift results from chemical environment variations (an inter-atomic effect sometimes referred to in Madulung constant terms), and (b) BE shift variations result from electron density variations on the atom the photo-electron emanated from (an intra-atomic effect, which can also be relayed in ionic radii and electro-negativity terms).     

On the Relation Between Strong Subadditivity and Entanglement

Strong subadditivity is used to improve the triangular inequality for the entropy of tensorproducts by the amount of entanglement.     

Sweeping of alprenolol enantiomers with an organic solvent and sulfated β‐cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis

Sweeping, an on‐line sample concentration technique in CE, is the picking and accumulation of analytes by the pseudostationary phase or complexing additive. In the presence of an electric field, the analytes concentrated at the additive front that initially penetrated the sample zone. Here, we describe the sweeping of cationic alprenolol enantiomers using sulfated β‐CD and organic solvent. The separation solution contained the anionic additive while ACN was in the sample solution. With fused silica capillaries, positive polarity, and solutions buffered at pH 3, the direction of the enantiomers' effective electrophoretic mobility was the same as the electrophoretic mobility (or electrophoretic mobility without additive). When the amount of ACN in the sample was increased (i.e. 60%), the interaction between the analytes and additive became negligible. This caused the sweeping boundary to shift from the electrophoretically moving β‐CD front to the zone between the sample and separation solution. The equation that described the narrowing of injected sample zone was derived. The performance of sweeping with 60% ACN in the sample was then studied under different operating conditions (e.g. type of injection, injection time, and CD concentration). The low interaction between enantiomers and additive gave only moderate increases in sensitivity (approximately tenfold), but was improved when field enhancement was used during electrokinetic injection. With a conductivity difference (separation/sample solution) of 70 and a short injection time of 30 s at 20 kV, peak improvements of >100‐fold was easily achieved.     

Tensile deformation behaviour of the polymer phase of flexible polyurethane foams and polyurethane elastomers

The change in micromorphology of the polymer phase (single strut) of a flexible polyurethane foam during deformation has been investigated by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy - linear dichroism and by atomic force microscopy. Deformation and, therefore, orientation take place mainly in the soft rubbery phase. This two-phase elastic deformation process has been translated into a mathematical model, which correctly predicts the shape of a single-strut stress-strain curve. The theory also predicts the ultimate shape of stress-strain curves of polyurethane elastomers at various hard phase contents and of low-density polyethylene at various temperatures. Deviations from the elastic behaviour could be ascribed to yielding in combination with the rubbery behaviour.