Deposition and characterization of TiAlSiN nanocomposite coatings prepared by reactive pulsed direct current unbalanced magnetron sputtering

This work reports the performance of high speed steel drill bits coated with TiAlSiN nanocomposite coating at different Si contents (5.5-8.1 at.%) prepared using a four-cathode reactive pulsed direct current unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. The surface morphology of the as-deposited coatings was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The crystallographic structure, chemical composition and bonding structure were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The corrosion behavior, mechanical properties and thermal stability of TiAlSiN nanocomposite coatings were also studied using potentiodynamic polarization, nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The TiAlSiN coating thickness was approximately 2.5-2.9 μm. These coatings exhibited a maximum hardness of 38 GPa at a silicon content of approximately 6.9 at.% and were stable in air up to 850 °C. For the performance evaluation, the TiAlSiN coated drills were tested under accelerated machining conditions by drilling a 12 mm thick 304 stainless steel plate. Under dry conditions the uncoated drill bits failed after drilling 50 holes, whereas, TiAlSiN coated drill bits (Si = 5.5 at.%) drilled 714 holes before failure. Results indicated that for TiAlSiN coated drill bits the tool life increased by a factor of more than 14.     

Immobilization of monoamine oxidase on eggshell membrane and its application in designing an amperometric biosensor for dopamine

An amperometric biosensor for dopamine is described. It is based on the enzyme monoamine oxidase immobilized on a glutaraldehyde-activated eggshell membrane that was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) is 0.087 mM. Optimum pH and temperature conditions were obtained at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, respectively. The sensor showed a detection limit of 20 μM, a linear range from 50 μM to 250 μM, and a storage stability of ~25 days. In order to further improve the performance, a Nafion coating was applied on the electrode surface which gave favorable results with respect to shelf life of the enzyme (~40 days), the limit of detection, and the selectivity over ascorbic acid and uric acid.     

A novel series of 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as potential anticonvulsant agent

<正>In pursuit for better antiepileptic drug and the importance of semicarbazones and 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles as anticonvulsant pharmacophore,a series of novel N-({5-[(6-methyl-1-benzofuran-3-y1)methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}carbamothioyl) -2/3/4-substitutedbenzamide were designed,synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity.The findings of the present studies confirmed that the pharmacophore model with four binding sites is crucial for anticonvulsant activity. Structure-activity relationships among synthesized compounds were also established.     

A note on demand functions with uncertainty

Demand functions with “additive” and “multiplicative” uncertainty can fail to satisfy the “Slutsky symmetry” conditions required for demand to be based on utility maximization. This makes welfare analysis infeasible, which is important in many applications. Additive uncertainty can also generate negative demand realizations, and this can create non-trivial analytical problems.     

An efficient synthesis of benzyl bromides from aromatic aldehydes using polymethylhydrosiloxane and (bromodimethyl)sulfonium bromide or N-bromosuccinimide

Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) in combination with (bromodimethyl)sulfonium bromide or NBS has been utilized for the first time for reductive bromination of aromatic aldehydes at room temperature to afford the corresponding benzyl bromides in excellent yields.     

Transition metal chemistry of oxime containing ligands,VII

Complexes of pyridine-2-aldoxime (Hpox) with iron(II) and chromium(III) of type, [Fe(Hpox)₂ X ₂] (X=Cl, Br, I or NCS); [Cr(Hpox)₃]Cl₃·3 H₂O; [Cr(Hpox)₂ X ₂]ClO₄ (X=F, Cl or Br) and [Cr(Hpox)₂(H₂O)₂]Br₃·H₂O were prepared and characterized by analytical X-ray powder diffraction, magnetism, vibrational (conventional and far-infrared) and electronic spectroscopy techniques. X-ray and electronic spectral data indicate that all the complexes except [Cr(Hpox)₃]Cl₃·3 H₂O havetrans-pseudo-octahedral microsymmetry around the metal ion. Infrared spectral data indicate that the ligand, Hpox, behaves like a neutral ligand and coordinates to the metal ion through pyridine nitrogen atom and oxime nitrogen atom in all these complexes. The magnetic susceptibilities of chromium(III) complexes, measured over a temperature range 300–78 K, are independent of temperature whereas the magnetic moments of iron(II) complexes over a temperature range 300–20 K are dependent of temperature. The observed temperature dependence of magnetic moments of iron(II) complexes was used to evaluate the magnitude of orbital reduction factor,k, the low-symmetry distortion parameter, , and the extent of reduction in spin-orbital coupling, . In all these iron(II) complexes the magnetic results indicate the presence of an orbitally non-degenerate,⁵B_2g, ground state. Magnetically unperturbed and perturbedMössbauer spectra of iron(II) complexes at various temperatures have also been reported. Magnetically perturbedMössbauer spectra of iron(II) complexes at 4.2 K in an axial field of 60kGauss indicate that the principal component of electric field gradient tensor is positive and consistent with⁵B_2g ground electronic state in a tetragonal (D _4h) local site symmetry.

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Übergangsmetallkomplexe mit Oxim-enthaltenden Liganden, VII. Elektronische und strukturelle Eigenschaften vonFe(II)-undCr(III)-Komplexen mit Pyridin-2-aldoxim

Zusammenfassung Es wurden Komplexe von Pyridin-2-aldoxim (Hpox) mit Fe(II) und Cr(III) vom Typ [Fe(Hpox)₂ X ₂] (X=Cl, Br, I, NCS), [Cr(Hpox)₃]Cl₃·3 H₂O, [Cr(Hpox)₂ X ₂]ClO₄ (X=F, Cl, Br) und [Cr(Hpox)₂(H₂O)₂]Br₃·H₂O hergestellt. Charakterisierung und Diskussion von Geometrie und Bindungsverhalten in den Komplexen erfolgte auf Grund von analytischen Daten, Röntgen-Pulveraufnahmen, Elektronenanregungsspektroskopie, Infrarotspektroskopie, magnetischen Messungen undMössbauer-Spektroskopie.

     

PVC-based dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 sensor for La(III) ions

A new ion-selective electrode (ISE) based on dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) as a neutral carrier is developed for lanthanum(III) ions. The electrode comprises of dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (6%), PVC (33%), and ortho-nitrophenyl octyl ether (o-NPOE) (61%). The electrode shows a linear dynamic response in the concentration range of 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻¹ M with a Nernstian slope of 19 mV per decade and a detection limit as 5×10⁻⁷ M. It has a response time of <30 s and can be used for at least 5 months without any significant divergence in potentials. The selectivity coefficients for mono-, di-, and trivalent cations indicate good selectivity for La(III) ions over a large number of interfering cations. The sensor has been used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titrations of La(III) with EDTA. The membrane is successfully applied in partially non-aqueous medium. It can be used in the pH range 4-9.     

Radical chain monoalkylation of pyridines

The monoalkylation of N-methoxypyridinium salts with alkyl radicals generated from alkenes (via hydroboration with catecholborane), alkyl iodides (via iodine atom transfer) and xanthates is reported. The reaction proceeds under neutral conditions since no acid is needed to activate the heterocycle and no external oxidant is required. A rate constant for the addition of a primary radical to N-methoxylepidinium >10⁷ M⁻¹ s⁻¹ was experimentally determined. This rate constant is more than one order of magnitude larger than the one measured for the addition of primary alkyl radicals to protonated lepidine demonstrating the remarkable reactivity of methoxypyridinium salts towards radicals. The reaction has been used for the preparation of unique pyridinylated terpenoids and was extended to a three-component carbopyridinylation of electron-rich alkenes including enol esters, enol ethers and enamides.

N-Methoxypyridinium salts are exceptionally reactive radical traps that can be used in efficient radical chain reactions with organoboranes.