PODE/甲醇双燃料化学动力学简化机理研究

聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE)和甲醇属于煤基高含氧燃料,两者有效组合燃烧可实现内燃机节能减排.本文以PODE3和甲醇作为表征燃料,通过使用反应路径分析、直接关系图法、敏感性分析法对详细PODE3反应机理进行简化获得PODE简化子机理,然后与甲醇反应机理、NOx和PAHs子机理耦合获得PODE/甲醇双燃料化学动力学简化模型(...     

Explosive synchronization in a mobile network in the presence of a positive feedback mechanism

Synchronization is a process that describes the coherent dynamics of a large ensemble of interacting units.The study of explosive synchronization transition attracts considerable attention.Here,I report the explosive transition within the framework of a mobile network,while each oscillator is controlled by global-order parameters of the system.Using numerical simulation,I find that the explosive synchronization(ES)transition behavior can be controlled by simply adjusting the fraction of controlled oscillators.The influences of some parameters on explosive synchronization are studied.Moreover,due to the presence of the positive feedback mechanism,I prevent the occurrence of the synchronization of continuous-phase transition and make phase transition of the system a first-order phase transition accompanied by a hysteresis loop.     

基于NPU的实时深度学习跟踪算法实现北大核心CSCD

深度学习在检测领域高速发展,但受限于训练数据和计算效率,在基于嵌入式平台的边缘计算领域,尤其是实时跟踪应用中深度学习的智能化算法应用并不广泛。针对这一现象,同时为满足现阶段国产化、智能化的技术需求,提出了一种改进的孪生网络深度学习跟踪算法。在特征网络加入微调网络,解决了网络模型无法在线更新的问题,提升了跟踪的准确性;在IoUNet损失函数中加入中心距离惩罚项,解决了IoUNet当IoU相同时位置跳跃,存在收敛盲区和收敛速度慢的问题;将训练后的网络通过通道剪枝,缩减网络模型尺寸,提升了模型加载和运行的速度。在华为Atlas200NPU平台上实现了实时运行,算法准确率高达0.90(IoU>0.7),帧率达到66 Hz。     

Prediction model of K2CsSb photocathode reflectivity based on LSTM北大核心CSCD

针对目前K₂CsSb光阴极制备过程中无法预判光阴极生长状态的问题,提出一种基于长短期记忆（LSTM）循环神经网络的K₂CsSb光阴极反射率预测模型。一维原始反射率数据集经过清洗、筛选、序列化等预处理手段后重构为二维数据输入模型。为充分利用反射率数据在时序上高度相关的特性,采用双层LSTM网络提取特征,预测结果通过全连接层输出,以均方误差（MSE）作为模型预测效果的评判标准。实验结果表明,该模型的网络结构合理且在不同数据集下的表现良好,预测准确率可达99.21%。该模型可运用在K₂CsSb光阴极的制作过程中,通过反射率预测值反馈调节工艺参数以趋近目标走势,对提高光阴极性能具有促进作用。     

Mixed noise removal algorithm of EBAPS image under low illumination condition based on FPGA北大核心CSCD

In order to solve the problem that single median filtering and gaussian filtering algorithm is not effective in suppressing impulse noise and poisson noise simultaneously in low illumination image, and the edge detail protection is insufficient, an open and close mix-median-gaussian (OCMMG) filtering algorithm based on field programmable gate array (FPGA) was proposed. Firstly, the minimum four-direction difference was used to detect the anomaly degree of each pixel point, the weight was allocated according to the threshold of pulse noise discrimination, and the first step was filtering. Then, the four-direction edge detection algorithm was used to extract image edges, and the second step was filtered according to the set edge confidence characterization value. Finally, the images collected by electron bombarded active pixel sensor (EBAPS) under the condition of 1×10−3 lx illumination were processed by FPGA in real time. The experimental results show that the FPGA processing results are consistent with the software simulation processing results. Compared with the median filtering and gaussian filtering algorithm, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the algorithm is improved by 3.23% and 16.34%, the structural similarity is improved by 14.66% and 33.86%, and the edge retention index is improved by 0.49% and 4.21%, respectively, which can effectively remove the mixed noise of EBAPS image and meet the real-time requirements. © 2022 Editorial office of Journal of Applied Optics. All rights reserved.     

Progress of microscopic thermoelectric effects studied by micro- and nano-thermometric techniques

Heat dissipation is one of the most serious problems in modern integrated electronics with the continuously decreasing devices size. Large portion of the consumed power is inevitably dissipated in the form of waste heat which not only restricts the device energy-efficiency performance itself, but also leads to severe environment problems and energy crisis. Thermoelectric Seebeck effect is a green energy-recycling method, while thermoelectric Peltier effect can be employed for heat management by actively cooling overheated devices, where passive cooling by heat conduction is not sufficiently enough. However, the technological applications of thermoelectricity are limited so far by their very low conversion efficiencies and lack of deep understanding of thermoelectricity in microscopic levels. Probing and managing the thermoelectricity is therefore fundamentally important particularly in nanoscale. In this short review, we will first briefly introduce the microscopic techniques for studying nanoscale thermoelectricity, focusing mainly on scanning thermal microscopy (SThM). SThM is a powerful tool for mapping the lattice heat with nanometer spatial resolution and hence detecting the nanoscale thermal transport and dissipation processes. Then we will review recent experiments utilizing these techniques to investigate thermoelectricity in various nanomaterial systems including both (two-material) heterojunctions and (single-material) homojunctions with tailored Seebeck coefficients, and also spin Seebeck and Peltier effects in magnetic materials. Next, we will provide a perspective on the promising applications of our recently developed Scanning Noise Microscope (SNoiM) for directly probing the non-equilibrium transporting hot charges (instead of lattice heat) in thermoelectric devices. SNoiM together with SThM are expected to be able to provide more complete and comprehensive understanding to the microscopic mechanisms in thermoelectrics. Finally, we make a conclusion and outlook on the future development of microscopic studies in thermoelectrics.     

Prospective study on observations of γ-ray sources in the Galaxy using the HADAR experiment

The High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation (HADAR) experiment is a refracting terrestrial telescope array based on the atmospheric Cherenkov imaging technique. It focuses the Cherenkov light emitted by extensive air showers through a large aperture water-lens system for observing very-high-energy γ-rays and cosmic rays. With the advantages of a large field-of-view (FOV) and low energy threshold, the HADAR experiment operates in a large-scale sky scanning mode to observe galactic sources. This study presents the prospects of using the HADAR experiment for the sky survey of TeV γ-ray sources from TeVCat and provids a one-year survey of statistical significance. Results from the simulation show that a total of 23 galactic point sources, including five supernova remnant sources and superbubbles, four pulsar wind nebula sources, and 14 unidentified sources, were detected in the HADAR FOV with a significance greater than 5 standard deviations (σ). The statistical significance for the Crab Nebula during one year of operation reached 346.0 σ and the one-year integral sensitivity of HADAR above 1 TeV was ~1.3%–2.4% of the flux from the Crab Nebula.     

层厚度和应变率对铜-金复合纳米线力学性能影响的模拟研究

采用分子动力学模拟方法, 研究了层厚度和应变率对铜-金多层复合纳米线在均匀拉伸载荷下力学性能的影响, 并分析了铜-金位错成核机理. 研究结果表明, 随着铜-金层厚度的增加, 复合材料的屈服强度也随之增大; 高应变率时复合材料的力学性能比低应变率时要强, 低应变率的塑性形变主要是位错运动和孪晶形变, 而高应变率主要以单原子运动为主, 表现出了非晶化. 该研究对制备高性能的多层复合材料提供了一定的理论依据.     

基于多导体传输线理论的差模激励新型线束串扰模型研究

传统的线束串扰模型只是在系统内共模激励的基础上建立的, 没有考虑系统间差模激励下线束串扰的情况. 针对差模激励下系统独立回路间线束串扰的物理问题, 提出了一种基于多导体传输线理论的差模激励新型线束串扰的计算方法.该方法根据差模激励下线间的耦合机理, 利用传输线传播横向电磁模式得到新型三导体传输线寄生参数电路及数学矩阵模型, 通过镜像法以及诺埃曼公式推导出寄生参数的计算公式, 并在频域内得到新型线束串扰的链参数矩阵方程, 根据新型差模串扰模型始端、终端边界条件最终得到串扰电压的频域解.以差模激励下平行双线回路对其他回路受扰线的串扰为例, 通过仿真受扰线不同布置情况下的串扰电压, 得到了差模激励源的线束间串扰的物理规律, 即受扰线位于差模回路之间时所受的串扰要远大于位于回路外时所受的串扰, 并验证所提出的模型及方法可以计算不同频率差模激励引起的干扰. 利用解析的方法解决了线束串扰中差模激励下的导线串扰问题, 为实际中如大量导线的捆扎以及导线干扰的预测等电磁兼容问题提供了理论依据, 具有指导意义, 完善了多导体传输线理论在线束串扰中的应用.