双曲矩阵分解修正问题的一些结果

This paper considers the updating problem of the hyperbolic matrix factorizations. The sufficient conditions for the existence of the updated hyperbolic matrix factorizations are first provided. Then, some differential inequalities and first order perturbation expansions for the updated hyperbolic factors are derived. These results generalize the corresponding ones for the updating problem of the classical QR factorization obtained by Jiguang SUN.     

Long-length IBAD-MgO buffer layers for high performance RE-123 coated conductors by a large ion beam source

In Fujikura, a large-scale ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD) system with a large ion source has been employed to fabricate biaxially textured MgO films. The large-scale IBAD system has multiple deposition lanes where substrate tapes move, and therefore we have to optimize experimental conditions at each lane. We selected an appropriate deposition area and, finally, we successfully fabricated a 1 km-length IBAD-MgO film at a production rate of 1 km/h. We also studied pulsed-laser-deposited (PLD) CeO₂ films directly on the IBAD-MgO films in spite of a large lattice mismatch between CeO₂ and MgO. From transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations at an interface between MgO and CeO₂ films, it is revealed that there is domain-matching-epitaxy relationship between MgO and CeO₂ films. We also fabricated thin (1.0 μm) and thick (3.7 μm) PLD – GdBa₂Cu₃O_7−x (GdBCO) film on the long-length CeO₂/MgO substrate (over 150 m). Critical currents (I_c) and current density (J_c) were over 300 A and 3 MA/cm² respectively for the thin GdBCO film and were about 645 A and 1.7 MA/cm² for the thick GdBCO film at 77 K in self-field.     

Towards efficient discovery of green synthetic pathways with Monte Carlo tree search and reinforcement learning

Computer aided synthesis planning of synthetic pathways with green process conditions has become of increasing importance in organic chemistry, but the large search space inherent in synthesis planning and the difficulty in predicting reaction conditions make it a significant challenge. We introduce a new Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) variant that promotes balance between exploration and exploitation across the synthesis space. Together with a value network trained from reinforcement learning and a solvent-prediction neural network, our algorithm is comparable to the best MCTS variant (PUCT, similar to Google''s Alpha Go) in finding valid synthesis pathways within a fixed searching time, and superior in identifying shorter routes with greener solvents under the same search conditions. In addition, with the same root compound visit count, our algorithm outperforms the PUCT MCTS by 16% in terms of determining successful routes. Overall the success rate is improved by 19.7% compared to the upper confidence bound applied to trees (UCT) MCTS method. Moreover, we improve 71.4% of the routes proposed by the PUCT MCTS variant in pathway length and choices of green solvents. The approach generally enables including Green Chemistry considerations in computer aided synthesis planning with potential applications in process development for fine chemicals or pharmaceuticals.

A new MCTS variant with a reinforcement learning value network and solvent prediction model proposes shorter synthesis routes with greener solvents.     

HIRFL-CSR上等时性质量测量进展

基于兰州重离子研究装置冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)发展了等时性质谱术(Isochronous mass spectrometry,IMS),高精度测量了一批短寿命原子核的质量并研究了核结构和核天体领域的相关物理问题。本文综述了IMS实验的原理和步骤,重点介绍了目前正在发展的双TOF探测器谱仪。利用双TOF质量谱仪在测量离子回旋周期的同时测量了离子的速度,用来修正实验结果,可以在很宽的动量接收度内实现高质量分辨,并消除离子动量分散带来的系统误差。双TOF等时性质谱术是全新的概念,需要针对性开发相关实验技术。我们建立了基于CSRe的模拟平台,研制了高性能TOF探测器并安装在CSRe直线段,进行了在线束流测试,发展了新的束流光学设置并进行优化,开发了实验数据处理方法并在做进一步优化,并对下一步工作进行了展望。     

Blind restoration of real turbulence-degraded image with complicated backgrounds using anisotropic regularization

This paper proposes a novel blind image restoration method based on estimating the point-spread functions by using two real turbulence-degraded images as input. The non-negative constraint and the spatial correlation are transformed mathematically into the penalty terms and added to the objective function. An anisotropic and nonlinear regularization function is proposed to adequately punish the differences of the point spread functions (PSFs) in the process of optimization estimation. Some definitions of weighted second-order differences are given and a fast method to construct the matrix of second-order weighted gradient operator is derived. The PSF values can be quickly estimated. With the estimated PSFs, the true images can be recovered by non-blind restoration methods. Experiment results for the restoration of real turbulence-degraded images with complicated backgrounds support the effectiveness of this proposed method.     

铁谱图像分析技术的应用研究

本文将计算机图像处理技术应用于铁谱定量分析,对谱片中各单个磨粒的特征参数进行统计,并根据统计模式识别理论设计了4类典型磨粒的分类器。利用统计参数,可以实现磨粒的自动识别分类和统计,大大提高了铁谱定量分析的准确性。     

A General Route to Prepare Low‐Ruthenium‐Content Bimetallic Electrocatalysts for pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by Using Carbon Quantum Dots

A challenging but pressing task to design and synthesize novel, efficient, and robust pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts for scalable and sustainable hydrogen production through electrochemical water splitting. Herein, we report a facile method to prepare an efficient and robust Ru‐M (M=Ni, Mn, Cu) bimetal nanoparticle and carbon quantum dot hybrid (RuM/CQDs) for pH‐universal HER. The RuNi/CQDs catalysts exhibit outstanding HER performance at all pH levels. The unexpected low overpotentials of 13, 58, and 18 mV shown by RuNi/CQDs allow a current density of 10 mA cm^?2 in 1 m KOH, 0.5 m H₂SO₄, and 1 m PBS, respectively, for Ru loading at 5.93 μgRu cm^?2. This performance is among the best catalytic activities reported for any platinum‐free electrocatalyst. Theoretical studies reveal that Ni doping results in a moderate weakening of the hydrogen bonding energy of nearby surface Ru atoms, which plays a critical role in improving the HER activity.     

Stereoselective Electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from Glycals

We report a novel and highly stereoselective electro‐2‐deoxyglycosylation from glycals. This method features excellent stereoselectivity, scope, and functional‐group tolerance. This process can also be applied to the modification of a wide range of natural products and drugs. Furthermore, a scalable synthesis of glycosylated podophyllotoxin and a one‐pot trisaccharide synthesis through iterative electroglycosylations were achieved.     

Ionization and Dissociation of Benzene and Aniline under Deep Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

We report a study on photo-ionization of benzene and aniline with incidental subsequent dissociation by the customized reflection time-of-flight mass spectrometer utilizing a deep ultraviolet 177.3 nm laser. Highly efficient ionization of benzene is observed with a weak C\begin{document}$ _4 $\end{document}H\begin{document}$ _3 $\end{document}\begin{document}$ ^+ $\end{document} fragment formed by undergoing disproportional C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}C bond dissociation. In comparison, a major C\begin{document}$ _5 $\end{document}H\begin{document}$ _6 $\end{document}\begin{document}$ ^{+\cdot} $\end{document} fragment and a minor C\begin{document}$ _6 $\end{document}H\begin{document}$ _6 $\end{document}\begin{document}$ ^{+\cdot} $\end{document} radical are produced in the ionization of aniline pertaining to the removal of CNH\begin{document}$ ^\cdot $\end{document} and NH\begin{document}$ ^\cdot $\end{document} radicals, respectively. First-principles calculation is employed to reveal the photo-dissociation pathways of these two molecules having a structural difference of just an amino group. It is demonstrated that hydrogen atom transfer plays an important role in the cleavage of C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}C or C\begin{document}$ - $\end{document}N bonds in benzene and aniline ions. This study is helpful to understand the underlying mechanisms of chemical bond fracture of benzene ring and related aromatic molecules.     

Assessing Markov property in multistate transition models with applications to credit risk modeling

Multistate transition models are increasingly used in credit risk applications as they allow us to quantify the evolution of the process among different states. If the process is Markov, analysis and prediction are substantially simpler, so analysts would like to use these models if they are applicable. In this paper, we develop a procedure for assessing the Markov hypothesis and discuss different ways of implementing the test procedure. One issue when sample size is large is that the statistical test procedures will detect even small deviations from the Markov model when these differences are not of practical interest. To address this problem, we propose an approach to formulate and test the null hypothesis of “weak non‐Markov.” The situation where the transition probabilities are heterogeneous is also examined, and approaches to accommodate this case are indicated. Simulation studies are used extensively to study the properties of the procedures, and two applications are to illustrate the results.