Folding probabilities: a novel approach to folding transitions and the two-dimensional Ising-model

The theoretical concept of folding probability, p(fold), has proven to be a useful means to characterize the kinetics of protein folding. Here, we illustrate the practical importance of p(fold) and demonstrate how it can be determined theoretically. We derive a general analytical expression for p(fold) and show how it can be estimated from simulations for systems where the transition rates between the relevant microstates are not known. By analyzing the Ising model we are able to determine the scaling behavior of the numerical error in the p(fold) estimate as function of the number of analyzed Monte Carlo runs. We apply our method to a simple, newly developed protein folding model for the formation of alpha helices. It is demonstrated that our technique highly parallelizes the calculation of p(fold) and that it is orders of magnitude more efficient than conventional approaches.     

Effect of diffusion and stresses on the magnetic properties of multilayer Fe/Pd and Fe/Ge films

Multilayer [Fe/Pd]₁₀ and [Fe/Ge]₁₀ films were studied using ferromagnetic resonance, magnetic-force and atomic-force microscopies, magneto-optical Kerr effect, and X-ray diffraction. It was shown that an increase in the interlayer thickness causes changes in magnetic parameters, such as the induced anisotropy, effective magnetization, coercive force, and the parameters of the fine magnetic structure. Reasons of the changes in the magnetic parameters were established.     

Substitution dynamical systems: Characterization of linear repetitivity and applications

We consider dynamical systems arising from substitutions over a finite alphabet. We prove that such a system is linearly repetitive if and only if it is minimal. Based on this characterization we extend various results from primitive substitutions to minimal substitutions. This includes applications to random Schrödinger operators and to number theory.     

Eine neue Reaction des Cocainum hydrochloricum

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Darstellung arsenfreien Schwefelwasserstoffs

Ohne Zusammenfassung