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71.
Multi-Item, Multi-Facility Supply Chain Planning: Models, Complexities, and Algorithms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
We propose a planning model for products manufactured across multiple manufacturing facilities sharing similar production capabilities. The need for cross-facility capacity management is most evident in high-tech industries that have capital-intensive equipment and a short technology life cycle. We propose a multicommodity flow network model where each commodity represents a product and the network structure represents manufacturing facilities in the supply chain capable of producing the products. We analyze in depth the product-level (single-commodity, multi-facility) subproblem when the capacity constraints are relaxed. We prove that even the general-cost version of this uncapacitated subproblem is NP-complete. We show that there exists an optimization algorithm that is polynomial in the number of facilities, but exponential in the number of periods. We further show that under special cost structures the shortest-path algorithm could achieve optimality. We analyze cases when the optimal solution does not correspond to a source-to-sink path, thus the shortest path algorithm would fail. To solve the overall (multicommodity) planning problem we develop a Lagrangean decomposition scheme, which separates the planning decisions into a resource subproblem, and a number of product-level subproblems. The Lagrangean multipliers are updated iteratively using a subgradient search algorithm. Through extensive computational testing, we show that the shortest path algorithm serves as an effective heuristic for the product-level subproblem (a mixed integer program), yielding high quality solutions with only a fraction (roughly 2%) of the computer time. 相似文献
72.
Hakan
im
ek 《Applied mathematics and computation》2004,150(3):833-839
Considerable attention is currently begin devoted to Cauchy problems of mathemetical physics in view of their increasing importance for the solution of applied problems [M. Taylor, Partial Differential Equations, Springer, Berlin, 1966]. Uniqueness of the solution for these problems very important. In this paper we found a bound in the uniqueness theorem for the Cauchy problem. 相似文献
73.
Critical evaluation of CFD codes for interfacial simulation of bubble‐train flow in a narrow channel
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes that are able to describe in detail the dynamic evolution of the deformable interface in gas–liquid or liquid–liquid flows may be a valuable tool to explore the potential of multi‐fluid flow in narrow channels for process intensification. In the present paper, a computational exercise for co‐current bubble‐train flow in a square vertical mini‐channel is performed to investigate the performance of well‐known CFD codes for this type of flows. The computations are based on the volume‐of‐fluid method (VOF) where the transport equation for the liquid volumetric fraction is solved either by the methods involving a geometrical reconstruction of the interface or by the methods that use higher‐order difference schemes instead. The codes contributing to the present code‐to‐code comparison are an in‐house code and the commercial CFD packages CFX, FLUENT and STAR‐CD. Results are presented for two basic cases. In the first one, the flow is driven by buoyancy only, while in the second case the flow is additionally forced by an external pressure gradient. The results of the code‐to‐code comparison show that only the VOF method with interface reconstruction leads to physically sound and consistent results, whereas the use of difference schemes for the volume fraction equation shows some deficiencies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
Renée L. Beyer Hakan Kandemir Mohan Bhadbhade Ibrahim F. Sengul Chao-wei Leu Daniel Wenholz Naresh Kumar David StC. Black 《Tetrahedron letters》2018,59(51):4483-4486
Acylation reactions of 4,6-dimethoxyindoles with glyoxyloyl chlorides were achieved by the use of graphite powder in 1,2-dichloroethane at reflux. The products were monoketones as a result of decarbonylation, rather than the expected 1,2-diketones. Treatment of these monoketones with base led to their cyclisation and elimination of methanol to afford the novel dipyrrolo[2.3-a:1′,2′,3′-fg]acridin-12(1H)-ones. 相似文献
75.
The novel (E,E)-dioxime 5,6:13,14-dibenzo-9,10-benzo(15-crown-5)-2,3-bis(hydroxyimino)-7,12-dioxo-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (H2L) has been synthesized by the reaction of 4′,5′-diaminobenzo(15-crown-5) with N,N′-bis(2-carbomethoxyphenyl)diaminoglyoxime (1). Only mononuclear CoIII and RuII complexes with a metal/ligand ratio of 1:2 have been isolated. The cobalt(III) complex bridged with BF2+ is achieved with H-bonded cobalt(III) complex and borontrifluoride ethyl ether complex. The reaction of BF2 bridged cobalt(III) complex with bis(benzonitril)palladium(II) chloride gives a trinuclear complex. The structures of dioxime and its complexes are proposed according to elemental analyses, 1H and 13C-NMR, IR and mass spectral data. 相似文献
76.
Tuba Erdogan Eda Gungor Hakan Durmaz Gurkan Hizal Umit Tunca 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(4):1396-1403
We prepared a novel miktoarm star copolymer with an azobenzene unit at the core via combination of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide‐mediated free radical polymerization (NMP) routes. For this purpose, first, mikto‐functional initiator, 3 , with tertiary bromide (for ATRP) and 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐yloxy (TEMPO) (for NMP) functionalities and an azobenzene moiety at the core was synthesized. The initiator 3 thus obtained was used in the subsequent living radical polymerization routes such as ATRP of MMA and NMP of St, respectively, to give A2B2 type miktoarm star copolymer, (PMMA)2‐(PSt)2 with an azobenzene unit at the core with controlled molecular weight and low polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.15). The photoresponsive properties of 3 and (PMMA)2‐(PSt)2 miktoarm star copolymer were investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1396–1403, 2006 相似文献
77.
Hakan Özcan 《Heat and Mass Transfer》2011,47(5):571-577
The exergy analysis of an air-standard Otto cycle with heat transfer loss is analyzed by using finite-time thermodynamics.
The results showed that the heat transfer loss is responsible for a significant destruction of exergy. It is also shown that
exergy efficiency and maximum power output increase with decreasing heat transfer loss. The results obtained in this paper
may provide useful information for the maximum work available. 相似文献
78.
Aydan Dag Mehtap Aydin Hakan Durmaz Gurkan Hizal Umit Tunca 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2012,50(21):4476-4483
In this work, we used Diels–Alder click reaction for the preparation of various types of aliphatic polycarbonates (PCs). We first prepared a novel anthracene‐functionalized cyclic carbonate monomer, anthracen‐9‐ylmethyl 5‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylate (2), followed by ring‐opening polymerization of this monomer to prepare PC with pendant anthracene groups (PC‐anthracene) using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU)/1‐(3,5‐bis(trifloromethyl)phenyl)‐3‐cyclohexylthiourea (TU) as the catalyst and benzyl alcohol as the initiator in CH2Cl2 at room temperature. Subsequently, the resulting PC‐anthracene (Mn,TDGPC = 6000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.22) was grafted with a linear α‐furan protected‐maleimide terminated‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA‐MI) (Mn,GPC = 3100 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.31), or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG‐MI) (Mn,GPC = 550 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.09), or a mixture of PMMA‐MI and PEG‐MI to yield well‐defined PC graft or hetero graft copolymers, PC‐g‐PMMA (Mn,TDGPC = 59000 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.22) or PC‐g‐PEG, or PC‐g‐(PMMA)‐co‐PC‐g‐(PEG) (Mn,TDGPC = 39900 g/mol, Mw/Mn = 1.16), respectively, using Diels–Alder click reaction in toluene at 110°C. The Diels–Alder grafting efficiencies were found to be over 97% using UV spectroscopy. Moreover, the structural analyses and the molecular weights of resulting graft copolymers were determined via 1H NMR and triple detection GPC (TD‐GPC), respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012 相似文献
79.
Selective Cell Adhesion and Biosensing Applications of Bio‐Active Block Copolymers Prepared by CuAAC/Thiol‐ene Double Click Reactions
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80.
Semanur Parlayan Aysel Başoğlu Yasemin Göbel Miraç Ocak Hakan Alp Halit Kantekin Ümmühan Ocak 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2010,67(3-4):451-460
A new 14-membered crown ether with nitrogen–sulfur donor atom carrying two anthryl groups was designed and synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding macrocyclic compound and 9-(chloromethyl) anthracene. The influence of metal cations such as Al3+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ on the spectroscopic properties of the ligand was investigated in acetonitrile–dioxane solution (1/1) by means of absorption and emission spectrometry. The results of spectrophotometric titration experiments disclosed the complexation stoichiometry and complex stability constant of the novel ligand with Fe2+, Fe3+, Al3+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+ cations. Absorption spectra show isobestic points in the spectrophotometric titration of these cations. The presence of excess of Al3+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ cations caused an enhancement of anthryl fluorescence. Especially, the enhancement in case of the interaction of Hg2+ and Al3+ cations with the ligand was pronounced. 相似文献