Enhancement of upconversion luminescence of YAlO3:Er3+ by Gd3+ doping

The upconversion luminescences of YAlO3:Er3+ phosphor co-doping with different Gd3+ concentrations are investigated under the excitation of 980- and 532-nm diode lasers. A near ultraviolet upconversion emission at 410 nm is observed in YAlO3 under 532-nm excitation. Moreover, the inactive Gd3+ ions can improve the upconversion intensity efficiently in a certain range of concentration. Under 980-nm excitation, the visible upconversion emissions at 546 and 646 nm are enhanced by about 10 and 8 times at the Gd3+ concentration of 40%, respectively. The upconversion emission at 410 nm under 532-nm excitation is also enhanced by 7 times. The substitution of Gd3+ ions for Y3+ sites changes the local symmetry of Er3+, leading to the improvement of upconversion efficiency.     

Spectroscopic properties of thulium ions in bismuth silicate glass

A new type of bismuth silicate glass (Bi2O3-SiO2-ZnO-Al2O3-La2O3) doped with Tm2O3 is prepared by melt-quenching method. The thermal stability of the glass is examined by differential scanning calorimetry. No crystallization peak is found. Using the absorption and emission spectra, the absorption and emission cross-sections are calculated. Their maximum data are 2.9×10-21cm2 at 1663 nm and 4.7×10-21cm2 at 1826 nm, respectively. Using the Judd-Ofelt theory, the radiation transition probabilities and radiative lifetimes are obtained. The extended overlap integral method is applied to analyze energy transfer process among the Tm3+ ions. The transfer constants of cross-relaxation and energy migration among the Tm3+ ions at the 3H4 level are 7.60×10-40 and 14.98×10-40 cm6 /s, respectively. The critical transfer radius for cross-relaxation is 0.99 nm. The cross relaxation process is easy to realize and is favorable for obtaining ～2-μm laser.     

High-Power passively Q-switched 532 nm green laser by using Nd:YAG/Cr4+:YAG composite crystal

This paper reported a passively Q-switched 532 nm green laser of LD pumped V cavity structure by using Nd:YAG/Cr⁴⁺:YAG composite crystal and the type II phase matching KTP crystal. Under 19.4 W pump power, the average power of the laser pulse up to 1.83 W, with the pulse width of 93.2 ns and repetition frequency of 9.1 kHz.     

Computer design of a compact cyclotron

Here we present results of the computer design of the structural elements of a compact cyclotron by the example of HITFiL cyclotron selected as the driving accelerator that is under construction at the Institute of Modern Physics (Lanzhou, China). In the article a complex approach to modeling of the compact cyclotron, including calculation of electromagnetic fields of the structural elements and beam dynamics calculations, is described. The existing design data on the axial injection, magnetic, acceleration and extraction systems of the cyclotron are used as a starting point in the simulation. Some of the upgrades of the cyclotron structural elements were proposed, which led to substantial improvement of the beam quality and transmission.     

晶体硅太阳电池双层电极优化分析与实验研究

相对于单层电极结构,优化的前表面双层电极能够明显减小功率损失,改善晶体硅太阳电池的电学特性．本文对晶体硅太阳电池的双层电极进行了优化分析和实验研究.通过扫描电子显微镜观测将双层电极的截面抽象为更接近于实际的半椭圆型,建立了太阳电池前表面的双层电极模型,理论分析了双层电极的电学损失和光学损失.结合丝网印刷后光诱导电镀太阳电池的实验,得到了理论和实验上的最优化光诱导电镀增厚电极厚度与丝网印刷电极宽度的关系.所得到的理论和实验结果符合良好.由于并不涉及电极制备的具体技术,双层电极理论模型普遍适用于多种类型的双层电极结构.     

基于低阶矩阵最大特征值的复杂网络牵制混沌同步

虽已对复杂网络牵制同步需要牵制结点数量及牵制结点数量与耦合强度的关系进行了研究,然而快速计算牵制结点数量仍是大规模复杂网络面临的一个重要问题.研究发现了复杂网络耦合矩阵主子阵最大值递减规律,由此提出了快速计算复杂网络牵制结点数量的方法,揭示了不同的牵制策略与牵制结点数量之间的关系.数值仿真显示了在无标度网络和小世界网络上三种不同的牵制策略下,牵制结点数与主子阵最大特征值的变化规律;最后给出了一个在无标度网络上采用随机选择结点策略的牵制同步实例.     

以最大原子密度定义合金相中的第一近邻团簇

本文提出利用不同壳层所包含的径向原子密度, 即单位体积内的原子个数随着径向的分布, 来方便而精确地定义团簇, 即具有最大径向原子密度的且表面呈现三角密堆结构的完整壳层为第一近邻团簇. 最后以Al-Ni-Zr合金相为例说明了该方法的合理性与适用性, 及此方法所定义的团簇与非晶形成的关系.     

多孔脆性介质冲击波压缩破坏的细观机理和图像

本文采用一种具有良好定量性质的离散元模型研究了带孔洞的各向同性脆性介质在细观尺度上的压缩破坏特征. 通过对孤立孔洞、三种简单的孔洞排布方式和大量孔洞随机排布等几种情况的模拟, 认识到了剪切破坏和局域拉伸破坏是冲击波压缩下多孔介质的基本破坏模式; 孔洞之间的损伤贯通会促进孔洞在较低应力下发生塌缩, 但损伤区的应力松弛过程却会对一定范围内的介质起到损伤屏蔽作用; 不同区域中损伤促进和损伤屏蔽的综合效果是在多孔脆性介质中形成一种高损伤区与低损伤区间错排布的奇特损伤分布. 本文的研究结果为深入理解脆性材料冲击波压缩破坏的演化过程和机理提供了细观尺度上的初步物理图像.     

Word diversity can accelerate consensus in naming game

In this paper, we introduce word diversity that reflects the inhomogeneity of words in a communication into the naming game. Diversity is realized by assigning a weight factor to each word. The weight is determined by three different distributions (uniform, exponential, and power-law distributions). During the communication, the probability that a word is selected from speaker's memory depends on the introduced word diversity. Interestingly, we find that the word diversity following three different distributions can remarkably promote the final convergency, which is of high importance in the self-organized system. In particular, for all the ranges of amplitude of distribution, the power-law distribution enables the fastest consensus, while uniform distribution gives the slowest consensus. We provide an explanation of this effect based on both the number of different names and the number of total names, and find that a wide spread of names induced by the segregation of words is the main promotion factor. Other quantities, including the evolution of the averaging success rate of negotiation and the scaling behavior of consensus time, are also studied. These results are helpful for better understanding the dynamics of the naming game with word diversity.     

窗口可变滑动相关分析方法在激光诱导击穿光谱谱线自动识别中的应用

激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)谱线具有很窄的展宽,且光谱仪因外界温度条件的变化存在波长漂移,光谱数据为离散数字信号,受噪声、谱线重叠及连续背景的影响,信号存在失真和变形。而目前光谱仪自带谱线识别分析软件主要以"就近原则"为主,错误率较高,必须依赖于人眼的观察对比。针对这个问题,在研究LIBS光谱特性的基础上,提出了一种窗口可变滑动相关分析方法(CAASW),用于激光诱导击穿光谱谱线自动识别。以土壤标准物质为样品,对该方法进行了实验分析和评价,与光谱仪自带分析识别软件相比,CAASW明显提高了识别准确率和识别速度,最终实现了谱线的自动识别。