Influence of Chemical Heterogeneity and Nanoscale Roughness on the DLVO Energy Interaction by Spherical Coordinates

In this work, the influence of chemical heterogeneity on the stability of nanocolloidal systems is surveyed with a new method. Zone of influence as a very important parameter for chemical patch surveying is modeled for sphere and flat surface. Surface chemical heterogeneity with specified properties, size, and position are created by spherical coordinate integration method. Rippled sphere model is used to create roughness and the flat surface is created by changing two sphere radius ratio. Using the spherical coordinate system for modeling of surface roughness and chemical heterogeneity is very accurate and fast. Results show that the patches could destabilize the colloidal system at very small sizes. Surface roughness reduces the effect of chemical patches for destabilizing the colloidal system, and with increasing the size of roughness the total DLVO energy interaction increases.     

Reaction parameters influence on the catalytic performance of copper-silica aerogel in the methanol steam reforming

Steam reforming of methanol was carried out on the copper-silica aerogel catalyst.The effects of reaction temperature,feed rate,water to methanol molar ratio and carrier gas flowrate on the H_2 production rate and CO selectivity were investigated.M ethanol conversion was increased considerably in the range of about 240-300,after which it increased at a slightly lower rate.The used feed flowrate,steam to methanol molar ratio and carrier gas flowwere 1.2-9.0 m L/h,1.2-5.0 and 20-80 m L/min,respectively.Reducing the feed flowrate increased the H_2 production rate.It was found that an increase in the water to methanol ratio and decreasing the carrier gas flowrate slightly increases the H2production rate.Increasing the water to methanol ratio causes the lowest temperature in which CO formation was observed to rise,so that for the ratio of 5.0 no CO formation was detected in temperatures lower than 375℃.In all conditions,by approaching the complete conversion,increasing the main product concentration,increasing the temperature and contact time,and decreasing the steam to methanol ratio,the CO selectivity was increased.These results suggested that CO was formed as a secondary product through reverse water-gas shift reaction and did not participate in the methanol steam reforming reaction mechanism.     

Electrospun superhydrophobic polystyrene hollow fiber as a probe for liquid–liquid microextraction with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

A superhydrophobic polystyrene hollow fiber was electrospun around a copper spring collector. This approach led to the construction of a hollow fiber membrane, and the copper spring acted as a scaffold. The characteristic properties of the hollow fiber were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The membrane was used as a probe to transfer the extracting solvent from aquatic media to a gas chromatograph. After performing the liquid–liquid microextraction procedure on 10 mL of water sample by octanol, the whole solution was passed through the prepared polystyrene hollow fiber. Propanol, containing 2 mg/L lindane as the internal standard, was used for desorption and an aliquot of 2 μL of the desorbing solvent was subsequently injected into gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Effects of different parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were optimized. The limits of detection and quantification were 2 and 6 ng/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations at a concentration level of 100 ng/L were between 2 and 6% (n = 3) while the method linearity ranged from 6 to 200 ng/L. Some real water samples were analyzed by the developed method and relative recoveries were in the range of 76–107%.     

Asymptotic behavior of positive solutions for heat equation with nonlinear term

We study the nonlinear parabolic equation , in Rn×(0,∞) with boundary condition u(x,0)=u₀(x), not necessarily bounded function. The nonlinearity φ((x,t),u) is required to satisfy some conditions related to the parabolic Kato class P^∞(Rn) while allowing existence of positive solutions of the equation and continuity of such solutions. Our approach is based on potential theory tools.     

The N-terminal His-tag affects the enantioselectivity of staphylococcal lipases: a monolayer study

In order to check the influence of the polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus of recombinant lipases, a comparative study on the interfacial properties of native and recombinant Staphylococcus simulans (SSL and rSSL) or Staphylococcus xylosus lipase (SXL and rSXL) was investigated using the monomolecular film technique. No phospholipase activity was detected with rSSL or rSXL when using different phospholipids spread as monomolecular films maintained at various surface pressures, suggesting that the His-tag in the N-terminus of the recombinant proteins, do not affect the substrate recognition. The critical surface pressure measured with monomolecular films of egg-PC was slightly lowered with the two recombinant proteins compared to the native SSL or SXL one. A kinetic study on the surface pressure dependency, stereoselectivity and regioselectivity of native and recombinant SSL or SXL was performed using three dicaprin isomers spread as monomolecular films at the air-water interface. Our results show clearly that the presence of polyhistidine tag at the N-terminus of SSL or SXL changes their stereo- and regioselectivity.     

Square Integrable Representation of Groupoids

A notion of an irreducible representation, as well as of a square integrable representation on an arbitrary locally compact groupoid, is introduced. A generalization of a version of Schur＇s lemma on a locally compact groupoid is given. This is used in order to extend some well-known results from locally compact groups to the case of locally compact groupoids. Indeed, we have proved that if L is a continuous irreducible representation of a compact groupoid G defined by a continuous Hilbert bundle H = （Hu）u∈G^0, then each Hu is finite dimensional. It is also shown that if L is an irreducible representation of a principal locally compact groupoid defined by a Hilbert bundle （G^0, （Hu）,μ）, then dimHu = 1 （u ∈ G^0）. Furthermore it is proved that every square integrable representation of a locally compact groupoid is unitary equivalent to a subrepresentation of the left regular representation. Furthermore, for r-discrete groupoids, it is shown that every irreducible subrepresentation of the left regular representation is square integrable.     

The rapid cooling of a hot gas discharge by liquid sprays

The cooling effect of liquid droplets introduced into a hot gas stream flowing in an adiabatic duct is analysed. The coupled interaction between the changes in the droplets and in the surrounding gas conditions is examined as a result of droplets vaporization. It was found that the use of liquid sprays as a rapid cooling process for a hot gas discharge is quite effective.