A new temperature-dependent equation of state of solids

In the present paper, a temperature-dependent equation of state (EOS) of solids is discussed which is found to be applicable in high-pressure and high-temperature range. Present equation of state has been applied in 18 solids. The calculated data are found in very good agreement with the data available from other sources.     

Coherent nonlinear electromagnetic response in twisted bilayer and few-layer graphene

The phenomenon of Rabi oscillations far from resonance is described in bilayer and few-layer graphene. These oscillations in the population and polarization at the Dirac point in n-layer graphene are seen in the nth harmonic term in the external driving frequency. The underlying reason behind these oscillations is attributable to the pseudospin degree of freedom possessed by all these systems. Conventional Rabi oscillations, which occur only near resonance, are seen in multiple harmonics in multilayer graphene. However, the experimentally measurable current density exhibits anomalous behaviour only in the first harmonic in all the graphene systems. A fully numerical solution of the optical Bloch equations is in complete agreement with the analytical results, thereby justifying the approximation schemes used in the latter. The same phenomena are also described in twisted bilayer graphene with and without an electric potential difference between the layers. It is found that the anomalous Rabi frequency is strongly dependent on twist angle for weak applied fields – a feature absent in single-layer graphene, whereas the conventional Rabi frequency is relatively independent of the twist angle.     

Performance evaluation of self-breakdown-based single-gap plasma cathode electron gun

This paper presents the experimental studies on self-breakdown-based single-gap plasma cathode electron (PCE) gun (5–20 kV/50–160 A) in argon, gas atmosphere and its performance evaluation based on particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code ‘OOPIC-Pro’. The PCE-Gun works in conducting phase (low energy, high current) of pseudospark discharge. It produces intense electron beam, which can propagate more than 200 mm in the drift space region without external magnetic field. The profile of this beam in the drift space region at different breakdown conditions (i.e., gas pressures and applied voltages) has been studied and the experimental results are compared with simulated values. It is demonstrated that ～30% beam current is lost during the propagation possibly due to space charge neutralization and collisions with neutral particles and walls.     

An <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">n</Emphasis>-dimensional pseudo-differential operator involving the Hankel transformation

An n-dimensional pseudo-differential operator (p.d.o.) involving the n-dimensional Hankel transformation is defined. The symbol class H ^m is introduced. It is shown that p.d.o.’s associated with symbols belonging to this class are continuous linear mappings of the n-dimensional Zemanian space H_m(Iⁿ)H_\mu(I^n) into itself. An integral representation for the p.d.o. is obtained. Using the Hankel convolution, it is shown that the p.d.o. satisfies a certain L ¹-norm inequality.     

A variational analysis of soliton switching in an NLDC with saturating non-linearity

A comparative analysis of soliton switching in a non-linear directional coupler with saturating non-linearity is carried out by a variational method. Two models of fractional non-linearity, one the usual unaveraged and the other obtained after averaging over the fibre cross-section, are considered. It is shown that the switching characteristics differ (for the same set of fibre parameters), qualitatively as well as quantitatively, for these models. The soliton switching characteristics in both the models are obtained, compared and discussed.     

Terahertz radiation source using a high-power industrial electron linear accelerator

High-power (～ 100 kW) industrial electron linear accelerators (linacs) are used for irradiations, e.g., for pasteurization of food products, disinfection of medical waste, etc. We propose that high-power electron beam from such an industrial linac can first pass through an undulator to generate useful terahertz (THz) radiation, and the spent electron beam coming out of the undulator can still be used for the intended industrial applications. This will enhance the utilization of a high-power industrial linac. We have performed calculation of spontaneous emission in the undulator to show that for typical parameters, continuous terahertz radiation having power of the order of μW can be produced, which may be useful for many scientific applications such as multispectral imaging of biological samples, chemical samples etc.     

OVERLAPPING CONTROL VOLUME APPROACH FOR CONVECTION–DIFFUSION PROBLEMS

This paper introduces a finite volume method to solve 2D steady state convection–diffusion problems on structured non-orthogonal grids. Overlapping control volumes (OCV) are used to discretize the physical domain and the governing equations are solved without transformation. An isoparametric formulation is used to compute diffusion and for upwinding. Four test problems are solved using this and other schemes. The modelling of diffusion in OCV seems very effective even on distorted meshes. The convection modelling in OCV is found to be second-order-accurate, like QUICK, on regular meshes. Although its accuracy is slightly inferior to the latter on rectangular grids, its faster convergence gives it a better overall performance. On non-orthogonal grids, OCV gives better accuracy for a large and practical range of Peclet numbers than does QUICK applied to the transformed equations using the conventional five-point diffusion modelling. The results obtained also demonstrate that the scheme reduces false diffusion to a considerable extent in comparison with the power-law scheme.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHOCK-SHOCK INTERACTIONS ON A BLUNT BODY

A numerical study is conducted to simulate the effects of extraneous shock impingement on a blunt body in viscous hypersonic flow. The interaction of extraneous shock with the leading-edge shock results in a very complex flow field that contains local regions of high pressure and intense heating. The heating and pressure can be orders of magnitude higher than the peak values in the absence of shock impingement. The flow field is calculated by solving thin-layer Navier-Stokes equations with a finite-volume flux splitting technique developed by van Leer. For a zero or small sweep of the body, a type IV interaction occurs, which produces a lambda shock structure with a supersonic jet embedded in the otherwise subsonic flow; for a moderate sweep of about 25^°, a type V interaction occurs in which a subsonic shear layer sandwiched in supersonic flow is produced with a transmitted shock. In the present study, both type IV and type V interactions are investigated. Results of the present numerical investigation are compared with available experimental results. For the present conditions, the peak pressure is 2.2 times the unimpinged stagnation point pressure and the peak heating is 3 times the unimpinged stagnation point heating. The flow for a type IV interaction is found to be unsteady.