Gemini表面活性剂分子结构对其水溶液中聚集行为的影响

Gemini表面活性剂是通过联接基团将两个具有亲水亲油性质的两亲结构单元在其亲水头基上或靠近亲水头基处以共价键方式连接而成的一类表面活性剂。这类表面活性剂由于联接基团的引入具有比传统单链表面活性剂更高的表面活性,同时分子结构中更多的可调控因素使其在水溶液中表现出更为丰富的自聚集行为,而且分子不同部位结构的改变对分子内或分子间相互作用产生不同的影响,可实现通过分子结构的设计有效调控其自聚集能力和聚集体结构。本综述将从联接基团、烷基链、亲水头基、反离子和其它功能性基团这五个方面概述近些年Gemini表面活性剂水溶液中聚集行为方面的研究进展,总结人们对Gemini表面活性剂分子间相互作用规律的认识,期望对于进一步发展这类高效的表面活性剂体系提供有益的帮助。     

Span/Tween混合表面活性剂微乳液制备纳米铁及脱硝研究

研究了以Span 80和Tween 60为混合表面活性剂的微乳液的形成。以电导率及目测法为表征手段,利用正交试验,分析了多因素对W/O型微乳液最大增容水量的影响,探明了该乳液形成的适宜条件。     

四电子还原态α-Keggin型磷钼酸基有机/无机杂化超分子化合物的合成、 晶体结构及性质

在铜离子诱导效应下, 采用水热方法, 以α-Keggin型磷钼酸和1,6-己二胺为原料首次成功合成了四电子还原态α-Keggin型磷钼酸基有机/无机杂化超分子化合物, 并利用X射线单晶结构解析、元素分析、IR、UV-Vis、TG/DTA、XPS、磁化率测量以及CV等方法对标题化合物进行了详尽的结构和光谱研究.     

聚噻吩/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的导电性能

通过共混多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)和聚噻吩(PTh), 制备了PTh/MWNTs复合材料, 复合材料表现出良好的导电性能(电导率达16.1 S/m). 通过Raman, TG, XPS, UV-Vis等对复合材料进行了分析, 结果表明, MWNTs和 PTh之间存在强的相互作用, MWNTs上的离域电子与噻吩共轭主链上的π电子之间形成π-π共轭, 电子从MWNTs转移到聚噻吩, 增加了噻吩主链的有效共轭长度, 提高了复合材料的导电性能. FESEM分析表明, MWNTs和它周围被掺杂的聚噻吩通过π-π共轭作用结合在一起, 形成相对独立的导电单元, 在复合材料的导电体系中起到主要作用.     

基于两个取代四甲基环戊二烯基配体的金属羰基化合物的合成及晶体结构

配体[C₅Me₄HR][R=4-BrPh(1),(MeC₅H₃N)CH₂(2)]分别与Mo(CO)₆,Ru₃(CO)₁₂和Fe(CO)₅在二甲苯中加热回流,得到了6个双核配合物trans-[η⁵-C₅Me₄R]₂Mo₂(CO)₆(3,4),trans-[(η⁵-C₅Me₄R)Ru(CO)(μ-CO)]₂(5,6)和trans-[η⁵-(C₅Me₄R)Fe(CO)(μ-CO)]₂(7,8,).通过元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对配合物的结构进行了表征,并用X-射线单晶衍射法测定了配合物3,5,6和8的结构.     

硫/水热碳球复合材料的制备及对锂硫电池倍率性能的影响

在锂硫电池正极材料的研究中,碳材料可以有效改善电池倍率及循环性能.为了提高锂硫电池的高倍率放电性能,通过水热合成的方法,制备了由非均匀粒径碳球组成的碳材料.与硫热合成后,硫均匀分布在碳材料表面及周围,复合材料含硫量为52wt%.0.2C放电电流下,首次放电比容量为1174mAh·g^-1,100次循环后放电比容量为788mAh·g^-1.在4C的放电电流下,放电比容量稳定维持在600mAh·g^-1,循环过程中,库伦效率高于90%.该碳材料有良好的导电网络,且制备方便,成本低廉,对于穿梭效应和放电过程中的膨胀效应有一定的抑制作用,是一种优秀的正极材料.     

Prediction of the Conductance of Strong Electrolytes and the Calculation of the Ionization Constant of Weak Electrolytes in a Dilute Solution by a New Equation

In order to predict the conductance for dilute 1-1 valent electrolyte solutions,a new conductance equation was proposed based on the Onsager and Onsagar-Fuoss-Chen conductance equation.It has only one parameter A,which can be obtained directly from the data of ionic limiting molar conductivity Λ∞m,and its expression is very simple.The new equation has been verified by the experimental molar conductivities of some single strong electrolyte and mixed electrolyte solutions at 298.15 K reported in literatures.The results are in good agreement with the experimental data.Meanwhile the ionization constants of some weak electrolyte solutions were calculated by a modified equation of this new equation,and it was also found that the calculation results are in good agreement with the data in the literature.     

ADENYLATE CYCLASE-MODULATING MEDIATORS OF INSULIN

Plasma membranes prepared from pig liver incubated with insulin (50—300 μU/ml) resulted in the release of at least two insulin chemical mediators. They appeared to modulate the activity of adenylate cyclase in liver plasma membrances of pig. One of them was fraction 1 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 3700—4000 dalton) which markedly stimulated the activity of the enzyme, the other was fraction 2 of insulin mediator (M. W. about 1000 dalton) which inhibited the enzyme activity. The results showed that the inhibitor of fraction 2 generated was significantly higher than that of fraction 1 when the membranes were incubated with insulin of low concentration (50—100 μU/ml). On the other hand, the generation of stimulator of fraction 1 from plasma membranes incubated with insulin of high concentration (200 μU/ml) was higher than that of fraction 2. So the ratio of yield between two mediators produced from the membranes was dependent on the concentration of insulin added. The results also showed that the     

Effects of liquid crystal states on photovoltaic effects of chlorophyll-a

The photovoltaic effects of chlorophyll-a(chla) and the effects of stearic acid, egg phosphatide and cholesterol on those were investigated by means of measuring the photoinduced potentials of SnO2/chla electrodes. Because of the formation of liquid crystal states, appropriate concentrations of stearic acid and egg phosphatide added in a certain system could increase the photovoltaic effects of chla. Cholesterol always decreased the photovoltaic effects of chla because there was no liquid crystal state formed with it.     

Studies on Colloidal Properties of Mixed Metal Hydroxide－Clay Aqueous Suspension

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