全文获取类型
收费全文 | 194768篇 |
免费 | 1916篇 |
国内免费 | 614篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 107685篇 |
晶体学 | 3292篇 |
力学 | 7815篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
数学 | 18343篇 |
物理学 | 60159篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 2266篇 |
2015年 | 1679篇 |
2014年 | 2389篇 |
2013年 | 7822篇 |
2012年 | 5242篇 |
2011年 | 6604篇 |
2010年 | 4417篇 |
2009年 | 4355篇 |
2008年 | 5983篇 |
2007年 | 6149篇 |
2006年 | 5902篇 |
2005年 | 5400篇 |
2004年 | 4941篇 |
2003年 | 4420篇 |
2002年 | 4296篇 |
2001年 | 5772篇 |
2000年 | 4385篇 |
1999年 | 3511篇 |
1998年 | 2741篇 |
1997年 | 2777篇 |
1996年 | 2724篇 |
1995年 | 2515篇 |
1994年 | 2390篇 |
1993年 | 2284篇 |
1992年 | 2779篇 |
1991年 | 2662篇 |
1990年 | 2610篇 |
1989年 | 2638篇 |
1988年 | 2578篇 |
1987年 | 2584篇 |
1986年 | 2400篇 |
1985年 | 3265篇 |
1984年 | 3281篇 |
1983年 | 2712篇 |
1982年 | 2907篇 |
1981年 | 2843篇 |
1980年 | 2753篇 |
1979年 | 2896篇 |
1978年 | 3137篇 |
1977年 | 2958篇 |
1976年 | 2893篇 |
1975年 | 2754篇 |
1974年 | 2701篇 |
1973年 | 2715篇 |
1972年 | 1759篇 |
1971年 | 1466篇 |
1968年 | 1929篇 |
1967年 | 2129篇 |
1966年 | 1920篇 |
1965年 | 1497篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
131.
Vogel N. Hoft H. 《IEEE transactions on plasma science. IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society》1989,17(5):638-640
Minimum conditions for the formation of surface craters by laser irradiation were studied experimentally and theoretically for various metals. The critical power density for crater formation within 20 ns was about 1011 W/m2. It is therefore concluded that crater formation by ion bombardment requires an ion current density on the order of 1010 A/m2 相似文献
132.
S.N. Abdulmadjid M.M. Suliyanti K.H. Kurniawan T.J. Lie M. Pardede R. Hedwig K. Kagawa M.O. Tjia 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2006,82(1):161-166
We report in this paper the results of an experimental study on hydrogen analysis of solid samples in high pressure helium
ambient gas employing the basic scheme of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). It is shown that the metastable excited
state of helium atom can be utilized to induce delayed excitation of the ablated hydrogen atoms, and thereby avoid the Stark
broadening effect as well as overcoming the undesirable mismatch effect, which are responsible for inefficient excitation
respectively. It is further demonstrated that for samples of high boiling-point materials such as zircaloy, successful hydrogen
analysis can be achieved by a newly introduced double excitation technique employing single laser realized in a modified configuration
of the conventional LIBS method.
PACS 51-52 相似文献
133.
We consider three one-dimensional quantum, charged and spinless particles interacting through delta potentials. We derive
sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence of at least one bound state. 相似文献
134.
M. Mayr K. -H. Speidel M. Knopp W. Karle T. Faestermann F. Hagelberg H. -J. Simonis P. N. Tandon J. Gerber 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1987,327(2):157-161
[Theg-factor ratio of the first excited 3? and 5? states in40Ca was measured to beg 3/g 5=1.01(10) employing the implantation perturbed angular correlation technique. The static hyperfine fields (SF) in Fe and Gd hosts were used. In addition the lifetime of the 5? state was measured to be τ=426(7)ps. The values of the SF in Gd and Fe hosts were deduced and compared with systematics in this element region. 相似文献
135.
Many recent algorithmic approaches involve the construction of a differential equation model for computational purposes, typically
by introducing an artificial time variable. The actual computational model involves a discretization of the now time-dependent differential system, usually
employing forward Euler. The resulting dynamics of such an algorithm is then a discrete dynamics, and it is expected to be
“close enough” to the dynamics of the continuous system (which is typically easier to analyze) provided that small – hence
many – time steps, or iterations, are taken. Indeed, recent papers in inverse problems and image processing routinely report
results requiring thousands of iterations to converge. This makes one wonder if and how the computational modeling process
can be improved to better reflect the actual properties sought.
In this article we elaborate on several problem instances that illustrate the above observations. Algorithms may often lend
themselves to a dual interpretation, in terms of a simply discretized differential equation with artificial time and in terms
of a simple optimization algorithm; such a dual interpretation can be advantageous. We show how a broader computational modeling
approach may possibly lead to algorithms with improved efficiency.
AMS subject classification (2000) 65L05, 65M32, 65N21, 65N22, 65D18 相似文献
136.
J. -Ph. Jay J. Ben Youssef H. Le Gall 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2002,240(1-3):287-290
The dynamic response of trilayer magnetoresistive permalloy/Cu/Co films was studied by high-frequency permeability spectra measurements. The resonance frequency is shown to depend on the interlayer copper thickness. This dependence is related to exchange coupling between permalloy and cobalt and the interaction field is estimated using the Landau–Lifschitz–Gilbert model. 相似文献
137.
Frank H.G.M. Wijnands Charles G. Crookes Paul M. Charles Richard M. Ash Ian F. Lealman Michael J. Robertson Anthony E. Kelly Kevin A. Williams Aeneas B. Massara Richard V. Penty Ian H. White 《Optical and Quantum Electronics》2002,34(10):959-973
An anomalous modulation in the wavelength spectrum has been observed in lasers with spot-size converters. This intensity modulation is shown to be caused by beating between the fundamental lasing mode and radiation modes in the taper. This results in a periodic modulation in the net gain spectrum, which causes wavelength jumps between adjacent net gain maxima, and a drive current dependent spectral width that is expected to affect system performance. The amplitude of this spectral modulation is reduced significantly by either using an angled rear-facet which reflects the beating radiation modes away from the laser axis, or by using a nonlinear, adiabatic taper. 相似文献
138.
Potential for micromachined actuation of ultra-wide continuously tunable optoelectronic devices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Hillmer J. Daleiden C. Prott F. Römer S. Irmer V. Rangelov A. Tarraf S. Schüler M. Strassner 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2002,75(1):3-13
Tailored scaling represents a principle of success that, both in nature and in technology, allows the effectiveness of physical
effects to be enhanced. Mutation and selection in nature are imitated in technology, e.g. by model calculation and design.
Proper scaling of dimensions in natural photonic crystals and our fabricated artificial 1D photonic crystals (DBRs, distributed
Bragg reflectors) enable efficient diffractive interaction in a specific spectral range. For our optical microsystems we illustrate
that tailored miniaturization may also increase the mechanical stability and the effectiveness of spectral tuning by thermal
and electrostatic actuation, since the relative significance of the fundamental physical forces involved considerably changes
with scaling. These basic physical principles are rigorously applied in micromachined 1.55-μm vertical-resonator-based devices.
We modeled, implemented and characterized 1.55-μm micromachined optical filters and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
devices capable of wide, monotonic and kink-free tuning by a single control parameter. Tuning is achieved by mechanical actuation
of one or several air-gaps that are part of the vertical resonator including two ultra-highly reflective DBR mirrors of strong
refractive index contrast: (i) Δn=2.17 for InP/air-gap DBRs (3.5 periods) using GaInAs sacrificial layers and (ii) Δn=0.5
for Si3N4/SiO2 DBRs (12 periods) with a polymer sacrificial layer to implement the air-cavity. In semiconductor multiple air-gap filters,
a continuous tuning of >8% of the absolute wavelength is obtained. Varying the reverse voltage (U=0–5 V) between the membranes
(electrostatic actuation), a tuning range of >110 nm was obtained for a large number of devices. The correlation of the wavelength
and the applied voltage is accurately reproducible without any hysteresis. In two filters, tuning of 127 and 130 nm was observed
for about ΔU=7 V. The extremely wide tuning range and the very small voltage required are record values to the best of our
knowledge. For thermally actuated dielectric filters based on polymer sacrificial layers, Δλ/ΔU=-7 nm/V is found.
Received: 10 May 2002 / Published online: 8 August 2002 相似文献
139.
140.
Electronic properties of model quantum-dot structures in zero and finite magnetic fields 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Saarikoski E. Räsänen S. Siljamäki A. Harju M.J. Puska R.M. Nieminen 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,26(2):241-252
We have computed electronic structures and total energies of circularly confined two-dimensional quantum dots and their lateral
dimers in zero and finite uniform external magnetic fields using different theoretical schemes: the spin-density-functional
theory (SDFT), the current-and-spin-density-functional theory (CSDFT), and the variational quantum Monte Carlo (VMC) method.
The SDFT and CSDFT calculations employ a recently-developed, symmetry-unrestricted real-space algorithm allowing solutions
which break the spin symmetry. Results obtained for a six-electron dot in the weak confinement limit and in zero magnetic
field as well as in a moderate confinement and in finite magnetic fields enable us to draw conclusions about the reliability
of the more approximative SDFT and CSDFT schemes in comparison with the VMC method. The same is true for results obtained
for the two-electron quantum dot dimer as a function of inter-dot distance. The structure and role of the symmetry-breaking
solutions appearing in the SDFT and CSDFT calculations for the above systems are discussed.
Received 16 October 2001 and Received in final form 17 January 2002 相似文献