Turbulence modelling of the shear layers in the trailing edge region of a modern rear-loaded airfoil at incidence

After carefull analysis in a turbulent zero-pressure gradient flow, various simple algebraic turbulence models were applied to the almost separated flow on the upperside of an airfoil at incidence. The Johnson-King and Horton non-equilibrium (or rate equation) models give clearly improved results.     

Electronic and electromagnetic devices for millimeter-wave beam control arrays

Device alternatives for millimeter-wave beam control arrays are examined. For the control function, a wide range of semiconductor device as well as bulk material alternatives are considered. In addition, alternatives to the traditional metal strip are considered for the passive electromagnetic array element. This work should provide a broader perspective regarding the choices available for the optimized design of new beam control arrays.     

Heat transfer in lattice BGK modeled fluid

The thermal lattice BGK model is a recently suggested numerical tool aiming at solving problems of thermohydrodynamics. The quality of the lattice BGK simulation is checked in this paper by calculating temperature profiles in the Couette flow under different Eckert and Mach numbers. A revised lower order model is proposed to improve the accuracy and the higher order model is proved to be advantageous in this respect, especially in the flow regime with a higher Mach number.     

Hybrid organosilazane/organosilylamine telechelic oligomers—I. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy characterization of dimethylsilylethylenediamine oligomers

The detailed characterization of multifunctional hybrid organosilazane/organosilylamine telechelic oligomers by IR and ¹H, ¹³C and ²⁹Si NMR spectroscopy in one and two dimenions has been undertaken. The specific multifunctional oligomers, comprising NH/NH₂ or SiCl functionalities depending on the monomer feed-ratio, were prepared from mono- and di-functionally reacted dichlorodimethylsilane (DDS) and mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-functionally reacted ethylenediamine (EDA). Varying the feed-ratio afforded control of the microstructures of the oligomers and the preparation of oligomers with, in some cases, conterminously located silicon–chlorine (SiCl) groups. The combination of the NMR methods with the IR technique has enabled the detailed microstructural characterization of the oligomers and the identification of the functionalities therein. This approach and the knowledge gained from the DDS/EDA system has been applied to the microstructural characterization of other hybrid organosilazane/silylamine preceramic telechelic oligomers.     

Separation of non UV-absorbing cations by capillary electrophoresis

Summary A new buffer system for the separation of cations with capillary electrophoresis using indirect UV-detection is described. p-Aminopyridine can be used in the wide pH-range between 3 and 10. High-speed separations of positively charged non-UV absorbing ions are possible. Separation of ions with similar mobilities can be achieved by the addition of complexation reagents. The separation of potassium and ammonium is possible either with the addition of crown ether or at high pH-values. Transition metals can be separated by adding 2-hydroxybutyric acid to the buffer.Dedicated to Professor Dr. Wilhelm Fresenius on the occasion of his 80th birthday     

Measurement of intense microwave field patterns using a neon glow indicator lamp

A novel method using small neon glow lamps with electrodes is developed for measuring intense microwave field patterns. When the lamp axis coincide with the electric field direction, the lamp discharge starts at the feeblest microwave electric field strength. Therefore, the lamp axis shows the field direction and the discharge starting indicates the field strength. The field strength for starting the microwave discharge is less than the strength for AC discharge, because of its low loss discharge mechanism. In the experiments using a microwave oven, it has been demonstrated again comparing with the simulated results that the method is able to use for measuring the intense electric field strength and direction.     

Gravity in non-commutative geometry

We study general relativity in the framework of non-commutative differential geometry. As a prerequisite we develop the basic notions of non-commutative Riemannian geometry, including analogues of Riemannian metric, curvature and scalar curvature. This enables us to introduce a generalized Einstein-Hilbert action for non-commutative Riemannian spaces. As an example we study a space-time which is the product of a four dimensional manifold by a two-point space, using the tools of non-commutative Riemannian geometry, and derive its generalized Einstein-Hilbert action. In the simplest situation, where the Riemannian metric is taken to be the same on the two copies of the manifold, one obtains a model of a scalar field coupled to Einstein gravity. This field is geometrically interpreted as describing the distance between the two points in the internal space.Dedicated to H. ArakiSupported in part by the Swiss National Foundation (SNF)     

Hydrodynamical limit for a Hamiltonian system with weak noise

Starting from a general hamiltonian system with superstable pairwise potential, we construct a stochastic dynamics by adding a noise term which exchanges the momenta of nearby particles. We prolve that, in the scaling limit, the time conserved quantities, energy, momenta and density, satisfy the Euler equation of conservation laws up to a fixed timet provided that the Euler equation has a smooth solution with a given initial data up to timet. The strength of the noise term is chosen to be very small (but nonvanishing) so that it disappears in the scaling limit.Research partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants DMS 89001682, DMS 920-1222 and a grant from ARO, DAAL03-92-G-0317Research partially supported by U.S. National Science Foundation grants DMS-9101196, DMS-9100383, and PHY-9019433-A01, Sloan Foundation Fellowship and David and Lucile Packard Foundation Fellowship     

Intrinsic thermal stability and quenching recovery of thin-film superconductors with thermal boundary resistance

The stability behaviour of a thin-film superconductor under a localized release of thermal disturbance is investigated. Two-dimensional conjugate film/substrate conduction equation with anisotropic thermal conductivity of the film, and Joule heat are employed to investigate effects of substrate and thermal properties on the intrinsic stability and quenching recovery. To consider the thermal boundary resistance between film and substrate, an interfacial-layer model (ILM) with very low diffusivity and an acoustic mismatch model (AMM) are employed. Results show that the thermal boundary resistance influences strongly the intrinsic stability. Thermal boundary resistance increases intrinsic stability if the thermal conductivity of the substrate or the disturbance energy is large. Higher Biot numbers and thermal conductivity ratios of film to substrate in longitudinal direction influence stability favorably. We demonstrate also that operation of a film/substrate system, such as YBCO/MgO, is either intrinsically stable or irrecoverably unstable.The authors wish to express their sincere appreciation to Dr. R. C. Chen for his invaluable advice and suggestions during the course of this paper. This research was supported by the National Science Council of the R. O. C. through grant NSC 83-0401-E-009-006. The computations were performed on the IBM ES/9000 at the National Center For High-Performance Computing.     

Wave scattering from a random rough surface: reciprocal theorem and backscattering enhancement

The present paper gives a more complete treatment of the scattering from a two-dimensional random surface than previous works. Reciprocal theorems for the stochastic wave field and the incoherent scattering distribution (bistatic cross section) are derived and the presence of backscattering enhancement in the case of a slightly random Neumann surface is demonstrated. A physical interpretation of the backscattering enhancement associated with the presence of anomalous scattering on a slightly random Neumann surface is given. Some numerical calculations are performed to show the incoherent scattering distribution and the backscattering enhancement.