Analog of heat equation for gaussian measure of a ball in Hilberrt space

If _a,T is a Gaussian measure on a Hilbert space with meana and covariance operatorT, andr is a fixed positive number, then the functiong(a,T)= _a,T {xr} satisfies the equation

Characterization of the selectivity of a phenytoin imprinted polymer

The selectivity of analytical methods based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is due to the preferential adsorption of the analyte(s) as compared to other substances (interferences). This paper shows the theoretical and practical difficulties, which have to be considered and solved when real samples need to be analysed in a wide range of analyte and interferant concentrations. It is shown that the estimation of interference effects requires either many measurements or a realistic model of the adsorption equilibrium in mixed solutions of the analyte and the interferences. Examples are shown for positive (cooperative) interference effects, for better experimental design and interpretation of binary isotherm measurements and for establishing the chemical model of interference from selectivity measurements. The usual MIP model consisting of a cavity, which closely fits the shape of the template from all sides, appears unsuitable for this MIP, and it is replaced with a more realistic, more open model. The applicability of the results to using non-imprinted polymers as selective sorbents and to screening drug candidates is also shown.     

Investigation of adverse health effects of residual oil fly ash emitted from a heavy-oil-fuelled Hungarian power plant

The adverse health effects of the Residual Oil Fly Ash (ROFA) emitted by a Hungarian power plant on inhabitants living in the villages surrounding the city where the power plant is situated and in the city itself were investigated. For the investigations, data obtained from the National Public Health and Medical Officer Services, the National Cancer Registry of Hungary, the Public Administration Office of Pest and Fejér Counties were used. The frequency of lower respiratory system diseases and malignant neoplasms amongst the inhabitants of the settlements 0–13 km far from the power station compared with that of the control settlement for different age-groups were calculated. The prevalence and incidence rates, calculated for the inhabitants of the city where the power plant is situated were always comparable to those of the control settlement, because the heavy metal containing ROFA particles emitted from the 202-m-high stack are deposited outside the town. The prevalence rates of adult patients treated for malignant neoplasms and chronic lower respiratory system diseases were about two times and up to eight times higher than in the control settlement, respectively, for three villages situated 8–12 km far from the source in the predominant direction of wind blow as of 1st of January 2000 and 1st of January 2002. In these villages, the incidence rates for newly recognised malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx were four times higher than those in the control settlement between 1st of January 2000 and 1st of January 2002. It may be supposed that the emitted fly ash is responsible for the more frequent occurrence of the examined diseases in the investigated settlements. Data presented are suggestive of an increased risk, which will further be investigated by the usual methods of the epidemiology.     

Electrophoretic enantiomer separations at high pH using the new,single-isomer octakis(2,3-dimethyl-6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin as chiral resolving agent

The latest, single-isomer, sulfated γ-cyclodextrin, the sodium salt of octakis(2,3-dimethyl-6-O-sulfo)-γ-cyclodextrin that is stable in basic media was used to separate the enantiomers of neutral, weak acid and weak base analytes by capillary electrophoresis in high pH aqueous background electrolytes. The effective mobilities and separation selectivities were found to follow trends similar to those observed earlier in acidic aqueous background electrolytes. Octakis(2,3-dimethyl-6-O-sulfo)-γ-cyclodextrin proved to interact with all three analyte types less strongly than other single-isomer sulfated cyclodextrins do under comparable conditions.     

Interaction of acetochlor and atrazine with natural freshwater biofilms grown on polycarbonate substrate in lake Velence (Hungary)

Biofilms were colonized in Lake Velence, Hungary, on polycarbonate film bands. After 4 weeks of colonization, the biofilms were transported into the laboratory and were kept in temperature-controlled aquaria for 2 subsequent weeks. The aquaria were filled with herbicide-spiked lake water (containing 12.5 μg/dm³ acetochlor and 12.5 μg/dm³ atrazine). The degradation of these herbicides was investigated by measuring their concentration in the water phase in the presence and absence of biofilms. The presence of biofilms resulted in a considerable reduction of acetochlor (45%) and atrazine (32%) in the water phase; however, the photodegradation of herbicides was relatively negligible. Inasmuch as only a small amount of herbicides was accumulated in the biofilms, it can be concluded that the biodegradation is responsible for the reduced concentration of herbicides in the water phase, and this process plays the decisive role in the decomposition of the contaminants. On the other hand, these herbicides can inhibit the colonization of algae, but simultaneously, they influence the metabolic processes of algae and bacteria, resulting in an enhanced production of extracellular polymer matrix.     

A study of the interaction between the osazone of dihydroxytartaric acid and calcium ions in alkaline solution using differential pulse polarography

Differential pulse polarography on osazone solutions of pH 11.4 to which excess calcium ions had been added has shown that, at low ionic strengths (I = 0.03 M), a 1:1 neutral complex forms between the osazone and calcium ions. A possible structure for the complex has been proposed.     

Comparison of freshwater biofilms grown on polycarbonate substrata in Lake Velence (Hungary) and Lake Mogan (Turkey)

Freshwater biofilms grown on polycarbonate substrata in Lake Velence (Hungary) and Lake Mogan (Turkey) were studied by applying total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and taxonomical techniques. Concentration of calcium, which stabilizes the structure of the exopolymer matrix, was identical in the biofilms, independently of the fact that its concentration in the lake waters differs by a factor of 2.5. Enrichment factors calculated as concentration ratios of elements (Ca, K, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Sr) measured in biofilm and water varied from 3×10⁴ to 1.5×10². The highest enrichment factors were observed for micronutrients of manganese and iron. Although the dominant alga species were different in the Hungarian and Turkish biofilms, the enrichment factors for these two elements differ only slightly. These results demonstrate that the accumulation of these micronutrients is similar within the diatom species. The lowest enrichment factors were measured for potassium.     

Use of the new, single-isomer, hexakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-O-sulfo)-alpha-cyclodextrin in acidic methanol background electrolytes for nonaqueous capillary electrophoretic enantiomer separations

The new, single-isomer, sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin, the sodium salt of hexakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-O-sulfo)-alpha-cyclodextrin (HxDAS), was used for the first time in acidic methanol background electrolytes (BGEs) to separate the enantiomers of weak base analytes by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE). The concentration dependence of the effective mobilities and separation selectivities followed trends similar to those observed earlier in acidic methanol background electrolytes with heptakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-O-sulfo)-beta-cyclodextrin (HDAS) and octakis(2,3-diacetyl-6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin (ODAS). In general, interactions between the weak base analytes and HxDAS were weaker than with HDAS and ODAS. For some of the weak base analytes, separation selectivities observed in acidic aqueous and acidic methanol background electrolytes were complementary to each other, permitting the eventual separation of enantiomers that could not be achieved otherwise.     

Combined thermoanalytical-mass-spectrometric investigation of crupodexR dextranomer

A cross-linked dextranomer, which is used as a wound drying and cleansing powder (Crupodex^R), has been investigated by several thermoanalytical methods. First the TG, DTG and DTA characteristics were studied and compared with those of another product (Debrisan^R), marketed earlier. The TG curves were also used for the examination of water uptake and the drying process. The traces of organic solvents (mainly ethanol) remaining from the manufacturing process were studied with a quadrupole mass-spectrometer coupled to a derivatograph. From the results of these experiments, several conclusions were drawn about the mechanism of water and solvent uptake.

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Zusammenfassung Crupodex^R-Puder, ein vernetztes Dextranomer zum Trocknen und Säubern von Wunden, wurde mittels einiger thermoanalytischer Methoden untersucht. Zuerst wurden die TG, DTG und DTA Charakteristiken betrachtet und mit denen eines schon früher auf den markt gekommenen Produktes (Debrisan^R) verglichen. Die TG-Kurven wurden auch zur Untersuchung der Wasseraufnahme- und Trocknungsprozesse verwendet. Aus dem Produktionsprozeß verbliebene Lösungsmittelreste — hauptsächlich Ethanol — wurden mit einer Instrumentenanordnung Quadrupolmassenspektrometer-Derivatograph bestimmt. Mittels dieser Ergebnisse konnten einige Schlußfolgerungen betreffs des Mechanismus der Wasser- und Lösungsmittelaufnahme getroffen werden.

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Synthesis of new 1,2‐dihydrophthalazines

New 6‐chloro‐ and 6,7‐dichloro‐4‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐2‐(N‐alkylcarbamoyl)‐1,2‐dihydrophthalazines ( 12,18 ) were synthesized starting from 6‐chloro‐ and 6,7‐dichloro‐4‐(4‐nitrophenyl)phthalazine ( 8 ). Routes to 1‐unsubstituted ( 12 ) and 1‐methyl ( 18 ) derivatives are different. Key intermediates 8 were prepared from 4‐chloro‐ and 3,4‐dichlorotoluene via ortho‐formylbenzophenone derivatives 7 .