Presodiation Strategies for the Promotion of Sodium-Based Energy Storage Systems

Nowadays sodium-based energy storage systems (Na-based ESSs) have been widely researched as it possesses the possibility to replace traditional energy storage media to become next generation energy storage system. However, due to the irreversible loss of sodium ions in the first cycle, development of Na-based ESSs is limited. Presodiation, as a strategy of adding excess sodium ions to the system in advance, accomplishes the enhancement of electrochemical performance. In this minireview, different presodiation strategies applied in sodium-based energy storage systems will be summarized in detail, their functions and corresponding mechanisms will be discussed as well. Furthermore, the current novel application of presodiation method in other aspects of Na-based ESSs will be mentioned additionally. At last, in the view of present research status of presodiation, issues that can be mitigated are put forward and guidelines are given on how to deliberate in-depth presodiation technology in the future, dedicating to promote the further development of Na-based ESSs.     

Efficient Oxidation of Sulfides Catalyzed by Transition Metal Salts with Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of Aldehydes

Oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones was achieved in moderate to high yields with a good selectivity, by using Fe₂O₃, MnO₂, Cu(OH)₂ and Cu(OAc)₂ as catalyst, with molecular oxygen in the presence of isovaleraldehyde under mild conditions.     

Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Cyclohexanone with Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of Benzaldehyde

The metal-catalyzed Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of cyclohexanone with molecular oxygen (latm) in the presence of benzaldehyde gives δ -caprolactone in high yield. The same oxidation in the absence of metal catalysts is also studied. Additives to the system can improve the reaction highly efficiently.     

A novel hyperchaotic system and its circuit implementation

A four-dimensional hyperchaotic system with five parameters is proposed. Its dynamical properties such as dissipativity, equilibrium points, Lyapunov exponent, Lyapunov dimension, bifurcation diagrams and Poincare maps are analyzed theoretically and numerically. Theoretical analyses and simulation tests indicate that the new system's dynamics behavior can be periodic attractor, chaotic attractor and hyperchaotic attractor as the parameter varies. Finally, the circuit of this new hyperchaotic system is designed and realized by Multisim software. The simulation results confirm that the chaotic system is different from the existing chaotic systems and is a novel hyperchaotic system. The system is recommendable for many engineering applications such as information processing, cryptology, secure communications, etc.     

Electrochemical Studies on De-Emulsification: Effect of a Biosurfactant Produced by Bacillus subtilis MO-1

Model emulsions were de-emulsified using a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis MO-1 mixed with chemical de-emulsifiers. The speed and efficiency of de-emulsification by polyether type de-emulsifier (G-17) were enhanced by combined use of a biosurfactant produced by B. subtilis MO-1 (BS); this effect was more apparent at low concentrations. Polyether/biosurfactant synergy was confirmed by electrochemical measurement of the interfacial film electrical resistance (R _m ) and capacitance (C _m ) during de-emulsification. These values were closely related to the rate of water removal, demonstrating that electrical techniques are suitable for studying de-emulsification phenomena.     

Characterization and properties of plywood bioadhesive derived from cottonseed protein and sawdust cellulose

Cellulose - The development of plant adhesive with good bonding strength, water resistance and thermal stability remains challenging to replace formaldehyde-based adhesive resins that usually...     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of P2-Na<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>1/3</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>2/3</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The pure phase P2-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ was synthesized by a solid reaction process. The optimum calcination temperature was 850 °C. The as-prepared product delivered a capacity of 158 mAh g^?1 in the voltage range of 2–4.5 V, and there was a phase transition from P2 to O2 at about 4.2 V in the charge process. The P2 phase exhibited excellent intercalation behavior of Na ions. The reversible capacity is about 88.5 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 C in the voltage range of 2–4 V at room temperature. At an elevated temperature of 55 °C, it could remain as an excellent capacity retention at low current rates. The P2-Na_2/3Ni_1/3Mn_2/3O₂ is a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.