Amphotericin B and Curcumin Co-Loaded Porous Microparticles as a Sustained Release System against Candida albicans

Amphotericin B (AMB) is an antifungal drug used for serious fungal infections. However, AMB has adverse reactions such as nephrotoxicity, which limit the clinical application of AMB alone or in combination with other antifungal drugs. Nano or micro drug delivery systems (DDS) have been proven to be effective in reducing the toxic and side effects of drugs. Further, the combination of AMB with other compounds with antifungal activity, such as curcumin (CM), may enhance the synergistic effects. Herein, AMB and CM were co-loaded into porous poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (MPs) to prepare AMB/CM-PLGA MPs. The AMB/CM-PLGA MPs showed a remarkably reduced hemolysis (62.2 ± 0.6%) compared to AMB (80.9 ± 1.1%). The nephrotoxicity of AMB/CM-PLGA MPs is significantly lower than that of AMB. In vitro, AMB/CM-PLGA MPs had better inhibitory effects on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans compared with AMB. Experiments on mice infected with C. albicans showed that AMB/CM-PLGA MPs have a better therapeutic effect than AMB in vivo. In summary, AMB/CM-PLGA MPs may be a novel and promising therapeutic candidate for fungal infection.     

高功率微波介质窗表面矩形槽抑制二次电子倍增

为深入研究高功率微波(HPM)作用下介质窗沿面击穿破坏的物理机制,探索提高闪络场强阈值的方法和途径,开展了介质窗表面矩形刻槽抑制电子倍增的理论与试验研究。首先根据动力学方程建立了介质窗表面电子倍增模型并分析了介质窗槽内电子运动轨迹,考虑了矩形槽结构对表面微波电场的影响,理论分析表明在闪络击穿的起始和发展阶段矩形槽可有效抑制电子倍增。在S波段(2.86 GHz,脉宽1 s)下开展了介质窗表面矩形刻槽的击穿破坏试验,试验结果发现表面矩形刻槽可大幅度提高微波传输功率,在槽深(1.0 mm)一定时不同的刻槽宽度(0.5 mm和1.0 mm)对应的微波功率抑制范围不同。采用PIC-MC仿真模拟槽内倍增电子的时空演化,仿真结果很好地验证了试验现象。     

核密度估计时-空域滤波红外背景抑制方法

提出一种基于核密度估计的时-空域滤波算法,用于红外搜索跟踪系统图像的背景抑制。算法分为空域滤波和时域滤波两部分。在空域滤波中,采用核密度估计算法对背景进行平滑;在时域滤波中,采用核密度估计算法对经过空域滤波后的图像灰度值进行概率计算,判别属于背景残差的灰度值,然后做进一步的滤除。核方法对背景有很好的光滑性且易于计算机实现,实验表明,这种非参方法设计的时-空域滤波算法对背景杂波有非常良好的抑制效果,信噪比也得到明显提高。     

氮化镓单晶的液相生长

氮化镓(GaN)具有高击穿场强、高饱和电子漂移速率、抗辐射能力强和良好的化学稳定性等优良特性,是制作宽波谱、高功率、高效率光电子、电力电子和微电子的理想衬底材料。除气相法(包括HVPE(氢化物气相外延)、MOCVD(金属有机化合物化学气相沉淀)、MBE(分子束外延))生长GaN单晶外,液相法(包括氨热法和助熔剂法)近几年在制备GaN单晶方面取得了较大的进展。本文介绍了氨热法和助熔剂法的生长原理、装备特点及生长习性;综述了两种液相生长方法的研究历程及研究进展,并对液相法生长GaN单晶的发展趋势及主要挑战进行了展望。     

上海深紫外自由电子激光装置中激光与束流的精确同步

介绍了一种基于相干辐射测量的激光-电子束同步方法,描述了实现空间及时间同步的基本原理、步骤和细节,并利用这种方法在上海深紫外自由电子激光装置（SDUV-FEL）上实现了电子束与激光之间亚ps量级的精确同步,为基于外种子激光的高增益高次谐波产生（HGHG）、回声型谐波产生（EEHG）和级联HGHG自由电子激光实验奠定了坚实的基础。还利用这种手段对不同条件下的电子束纵向特性进行了测量和分析。     

Dimethyl Carbonate Synthesis from CO2 over CeO2 with Electron-Enriched Lattice Oxygen Species

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO₂ plays an important role in carbon neutrality, but its efficiency is still far from the practical application, due to the limited understanding of the reaction mechanism and rational design of efficient catalyst. Herein, abundant electron-enriched lattice oxygen species were introduced into CeO₂ catalyst by constructing the point defects and crystal-terminated phases in the crystal reconstruction process. Benefitting from the acid-base properties modulated by the electron-enriched lattice oxygen, the optimized CeO₂ catalyst exhibited a much higher DMC yield of 22.2 mmol g^-1 than the reported metal-oxide-based catalysts at the similar conditions. Mechanistic investigations illustrated that the electron-enriched lattice oxygen can provide abundant sites for CO₂ adsorption and activation, and was advantageous of the formation of the weakly adsorbed active methoxy species. These were facilitating to the coupling of methoxy and CO₂ for the key *CH₃OCOO intermediate formation. More importantly, the weakened adsorption of *CH₃OCOO on the electron-enriched lattice oxygen can switch the rate-determining-step (RDS) of DMC synthesis from *CH₃OCOO formation to *CH₃OCOO dissociation, and lower the corresponding activation barriers, thus giving rise to a high performance. This work provides insights into the underlying reaction mechanism for DMC synthesis from CO₂ and methanol and the design of highly efficient catalysts.     

A Hybrid Quantum Image-Matching Algorithm

Image matching is an important research topic in computer vision and image processing. However, existing quantum algorithms mainly focus on accurate matching between template pixels, and are not robust to changes in image location and scale. In addition, the similarity calculation of the matching process is a fundamentally important issue. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid quantum algorithm, which uses the robustness of SIFT (scale-invariant feature transform) to extract image features, and combines the advantages of quantum exponential storage and parallel computing to represent data and calculate feature similarity. Finally, the quantum amplitude estimation is used to extract the measurement results and realize the quadratic acceleration of calculation. The experimental results show that the matching effect of this algorithm is better than the existing classical architecture. Our hybrid algorithm broadens the application scope and field of quantum computing in image processing.     

刚性块轴向撞击杆的弹塑性动力屈曲

用特征线法分析了刚性块轴向撞击弹塑性直杆时应力波传播的全过程,得到了杆冲击端与固定端应力的变化规律及刚性块与杆首次分离的时间.基于能量原理,考虑了弹塑性应力波的传播与反射,建立了弹塑性杆在刚性块轴向撞击下的横向扰动方程,给出了问题的级数解,由解的稳定性得到了发生屈曲时的临界条件;通过数值计算和分析,给出了临界速度与冲击质量、线性强化模量及临界时间间的关系.     

磁粒子成像示踪剂的研究进展

磁粒子成像是基于功能和断层影像技术检测磁性纳米粒子空间分布的示踪方法, 具有正向的对比信号、 较低的组织背景、 无限的组织穿透深度、 非侵入性成像以及无电离辐射等优点, 是近年来一种很有前途的生物医学成像技术. 磁粒子成像信号是通过在无场点切换磁性纳米粒子的磁自旋矢量来产生的. 磁粒子成像的灵敏度和空间分辨率都高度依赖于作为磁粒子成像示踪剂的磁性纳米粒子本身的磁性能, 因此目前的研究主要集中在磁性纳米粒子的设计和合成上. 本文重点介绍了磁粒子成像示踪剂的最新研究进展, 总结了可作为磁粒子成像示踪剂的磁性纳米粒子的种类、 合成方法、 性能以及生物医学应用, 以期为磁粒子成像的未来研究提供参考.     

铝合金矩形薄壁梁压溃实验及理论与数值分析

平均压溃力反映乘用车纵梁在碰撞过程中吸收能量的能力,而矩形薄壁梁具有较高的溃缩吸能比,被广泛应用于纵梁的结构设计。本文通过轴向压溃实验研究了矩形薄壁梁的压溃性能,采用非对称超折叠单元理论对矩形薄壁梁平均压溃力进行公式推导,之后对矩形薄壁梁进行有限元压溃数值模拟,得到矩形薄壁梁平均压溃力的实验值、理论值及模拟值。通过对结果的比较可以得出,平均压溃力的理论结果和数值计算结果均与实验测得的结果吻合,这为矩形薄壁梁前期的结构设计提供了有效的理论指导。