Frequency characteristics of the middle ear

For 68 temporal bones, frequency curves for the round window volume displacement have been measured for a constant sound pressure at the eardrum. Phase curves were measured for 33 of the specimens. The levels averaged amplitude curve is approximately flat below 1 kHz, where the round window volume displacement per unit sound pressure at the eardrum is 6.8 X 10(-5) mm3/Pa, and falls off by about 15 dB/oct at higher frequencies. For the 20 ears having the largest sound transmission magnitude at low frequencies, the corresponding amplitude curve is displaced about 5 dB towards higher levels. The phase of the round window volume displacement lags the eardrum sound pressure phase. In average for 33 temporal bones, the phase lag increases from zero at the lowest frequencies to pi near 2 kHz and to about 1.5 pi at 10 kHz.     

Regioselective N-9 arylation of purines employing arylboronic acids in the presence of Cu(II)

9-Arylpurines are efficiently formed with complete regioselectivity when purines are treated with arylboronic acids in the presence of copper(II) acetate. A variety of substituents on both coupling partners are well tolerated.     

Magnetohydrodynamic shock wave decay

Summary A modified hodograph transformation is used to obtain an exact solution of the equations governing the one-dimensional unsteady flow of an ideal, inviscid, perfectly conducting compressible fluid, subjected to a transverse magnetic field. This solution is used to obtain an approximate representation of the path of an initially uniform shock wave which intersects a centered simple wave. In the limit of vanishing magnetic field, the solution reduces exactly to the solution of the corresponding problem for conventional gas dynamics.

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Résumé Une transformation hodographe modifiée est employée pour obtenir une solution exacte des équations relatives aux écoulements unidimensionnels non-stationnaires et non-isentropiques d'un fluide non visqueux idéal, parfaitement conducteur d'électricité et compressible, soumis à l'action d'un champ magnétique transversal. On utilise cette solution pour obtenir une représentation approximative de la trajectoire d'une onde de choc magnétohydrodynamique initialement uniforme, rencontrant une onde simple centrée.Dans le cas limite d'un champ magnétique nul, la solution se réduit exactement à celle du problème correspondant de la dynamique classique des gaz. C'est là une confirmation de la validité de la théorie.

     

Selective functionalization of In2O3 nanowire mat devices for biosensing applications

A strategy to covalently attach biological molecules to the electrochemically active surface of indium oxide nanowire (In2O3 NW) mat devices is presented. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-(1,4-dihydroxybenzene)butyl phosphonic acid (HQ-PA) was generated on an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass and In2O3 NWs surface. The chemical steps required for surface derivatization were optimized on an ITO surface prior to modifying the In2O3 NWs. The hydroquinone group contained in the HQ-PA SAM was electrochemically oxidized to quinone (Q-PA) at +330 mV. The monolayer of Q-PA was allowed to react with a thiol-terminated DNA. The DNA was paired to its complementary strand tagged with a fluorescence dye. Attachment of DNA was verified using fluorescence microscopy. A device was subsequently prepared on a SiO2-supported mat of In2O3 NWs by depositing gold electrodes on the mat surface. The reaction strategy optimized on ITO was applied to this In2O3 NW-based device. Arrays of In2O3 NWs on a single substrate were electrochemically activated in a selective manner to Q-PA. Activated In2O3 NWs underwent reaction with HS-DNA and gave a positive fluorescence response after pairing with the dye-DNA. The unactivated In2O3 NWs gave no response, thus demonstrating selective functionalization of an In2O3 NW array. This can be considered a key step for the future fabrication of large-scale, inexpensive, nanoscale biosensors.     

2‐Chloro‐6‐(2‐furyl)‐9‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐9H‐purine

The title compound, C₁₇H₁₃ClN₄O₂, displays profound and selective activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the crystal structure, there are two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between a CH group of the purine ring and the O atom of the furan ring, and also π–π stacking in another direction, builds the three‐dimensional network.     

Qualitative and quantitative liquid chromatographic determination of natural retinoids in biological samples.

Liquid chromatography continues to be the preferred method for determining retinoids in biological samples. The highly unstable nature of retinoids and the real possibility of artifacts or erroneous results have led to the development of rapid and highly automated protocols for retinoid extraction, separation and detection. Due to strong light absorbance in the ultraviolet region, UV detectors still predominate although mass spectrometric detection is gaining increased popularity. This paper reviews recent advances and provides major guidelines for using liquid chromatography to identify and quantify retinoids in biological samples.     

On diagonally structured problems in unconstrained optimization using an inexact super Halley method

We consider solving the unconstrained minimization problem using an iterative method derived from the third order super Halley method. Each iteration of the super Halley method requires the solution of two linear systems of equations. We show a practical implementation using an iterative method to solve the linear systems. This paper introduces an array of arrays (jagged) data structure for storing the second and third derivative of a multivariate function and suitable termination criteria for the (inner) iterative method to achieve a cubic rate of convergence. Using a jagged compressed diagonal storage of the Hessian matrices and for the tensor, numerical results show that storing the diagonals are more efficient than the row or column oriented approach when we use an iterative method for solving the linear systems of equations.