Growth and spectral characterization of β-Ga2O3 single crystals

Beta gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃) single crystals were grown by the floating zone technique. The absorption spectra and the luminescence of the crystals were measured. The absorption spectra showed an intrinsic short cutoff edge around 260 nm with two shoulders at 270 and 300 nm. Not only the characteristic UV (395 nm), blue (471 nm) and green (559 nm) lights, but also the red (692 nm) light can be seen in the emission spectra. The deep UV light was attributed to the existing of quantum wells above the valence band and the red light was owed to the electron-hole recombination via the vicinity donors and acceptors.     

微波水热合成Mn-Ti-Al-MCM-41分子筛及其催化双氧水环氧化苯乙烯的性能

采用原位微波水热合成Mn-Ti-Al-MCM-41介孔分子筛,并以双氧水为氧化剂和微波加热,研究了该介孔分子筛在苯乙烯环氧化反应中的催化性能.利用XRD、29SiMAS-NMR、N2吸附、SEM-EDS和HRTEM手段对该材料进行了表征,结果表明它具有典型的六方相介孔结构、高的比表面积以及窄的孔径分布.本实验表明Mn-Ti-Al-MCM-41的新颖合成方法加速了整个合成时间:从几天到几个小时.在催化苯乙烯液相环氧化实验中该材料具有较高的催化活性.而且利用本实验合成的介孔分子筛与传统方法制备的在较大程度上提高了对苯基环氧乙烷的选择性.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Diamines via Reductive Coupling of Ketimines Templated by Chiral Diborons

We herein describe the chiral diboron-templated asymmetric homocoupling of aryl alkyl ketimines, providing for the first time a series of chiral vicinal tetrasubstituted diamines with excellent ee values and good to high yields. The powerful and efficient diboron-participated [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement is successfully demonstrated by the homocoupling of a variety of ketimines thanks to the rational design and engineering of chiral diborons. Systematic DFT studies suggest that two chiral diborons adopt different conformational assembling strategies to couple the diboron template with ketimine substrates in their tight concerted transition states to ensure the excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic value of chiral vicinal tetrasubstituted diamines is demonstrated by the asymmetric α-bromination of aliphatic aldehydes by employing a chiral vicinal tetrasubstituted diamine-based organocatalyst.     

固相萃取技术在食品痕量残留和污染分析中的应用

食品痕量残留和污染分析中,样品的前处理极为重要,也是其难点所在。由于食品和农产品样品的多样性和复杂性,目前还没有一种前处理技术能够适合所有情况下的所有样品。本文对近年来发展起来的新型固相萃取技术如固相微萃取、搅拌棒吸附萃取、基质固相分散萃取、分子印迹固相萃取、免疫亲和固相萃取、整体柱固相萃取、碳纳米管固相萃取等在食品痕量残留和污染分析中的应用进行了综述,对未来的发展前景作了展望。     

同轴静电纺丝技术制备CeO2纳米管及光催化性能研究

采用同轴静电纺丝技术,以硝酸铈、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和氯仿为原料,制备了CeO2纳米管。用差热-热重分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱仪对样品进行了表征。考察了CeO2纳米管对罗丹明B溶液的光催化性能。结果表明:所得到的产物属于立方晶系、空间群为O5H-FM3M的CeO2纳米管,CeO2纳米管平均外径约270 nm,内径约110 nm,管壁厚度约80 nm,长度>20μm,对其形成机理进行了分析。相对于CeO2纳米线、纳米带和CeO2颗粒,CeO2纳米管对罗丹明B的降解率有明显提高。     

Biogasification of Green and Food Wastes Using Anaerobic-Phased Solids Digester System

The performance of a laboratory-scale anaerobic-phased solid (APS) digester system treating food and green wastes was evaluated at thermophilic condition. The APS system comprised of four hydrolysis digesters and one biogasification reactor. The hydrolysis reactors were operated batchwised at a 12-day retention time, while the biogasification reactor was continuously operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The biogas and methane yields from green waste were determined to be 0.438 and 0.252 L/g volatile solid (VS), respectively, with VS removal of 78%. The biogas and methane yields from food waste were 0.596 and 0.379 L/g VS, respectively, with VS removal of 85%. Hydrogen was produced from hydrolysis reactors during the digestion of food waste. Its content was 30.1% and 8.5% of the biogas produced on the first and second day of digestion, respectively. Hydrogen yield from the whole system was determined to be 0.029 L/g VS representing about 4.9% of the total biogas production from the system. The ratio between the volumes of biogasification and hydrolysis reactors (BR/HR) was found to be a factor that affects the process performance and stability.     

光纤中偏振稳定控制的实验研究

研制了一种偏振稳定系统,可以使偏振态(SOP)保持稳定输出,而且可以是任意需要的偏振态.实验中扰偏器以不同变化频率、各种相位幅度的信号变化,稳定器对其进行偏振稳定实验.对于相位幅度为π/2的扰偏信号,进行稳定的变化频率可达8 kHz.稳定耗时分析表明,有71%的时间耗在偏振控制器的响应时间上,而稳定算法及数据处理仅占总耗时的8%.     

Superconvergence of functional approximation methods for integral equations

In this work, a functional approximation method for calculating the linear functional of the solution of second-kind Fredholm integral equations is developed. When the method is applied to the collocation method or to the multi-projection method, it generates approximations which exhibit superconvergence.     

离子推力器羽流特性的粒子模拟

采用粒子网格单元和蒙特卡罗碰撞方法,建立了离子推力器羽流场的2维轴对称模型,对其特性进行了数值模拟,并将模拟结果与实验测量数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与实验测量值基本一致,模型可以很好地评估离子推力器的羽流特性;返流区离子数密度达到1014m-3量级,会对航天器表面产生污染;背压对束流区域外电荷交换离子影响较为显著,不可忽略。     

微空心阴极放电推力器性能研究

微空心阴极放电推力器是一种新颖的电热式微推力器,利用纳卫星提供的1~10 W的功率可提高微推进装置的性能。为了预示该推力器的性能,结合实验中测量的气体温度值和火箭发动机原理,初步计算得出微放电推力器的推力范围为几十至上千μN,以氩气为工质比冲量级为600~1 000 N.s/kg,以氦气为工质比冲量级为3 000 N.s/kg。研究结果表明,微空心阴极放电较小的尺寸结构与强烈并可控的气体加热相结合,可以开发应用在电热式微放电推进中,作为微小卫星,尤其是纳卫星和皮卫星的动力系统。