Simulation of human vision by image evolution in light-excitable nonlinear optical mediums

The nonlinear optical membrane used for image processing was prepared using tetraethyl silicate by sol-gel method under mild conditions. Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (bpy, bipyridine) was immobilized in the sol-gel matrix. This light-excitable membrane containing Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as photocatalyst could catalyze the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction by illumination. Our results indicated that a fine-definition image processing could be autoperformed when projecting a picture on this medium. The imaging process was an image evolution process, which was similar to that of the human vision process.     

Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes for the synthesis of 2-substituted indanones

The intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes was considered to be a challenging task due to the side reactions resulted from the lack of additional substituent at 1-position and the low activity caused by the steric hindrance of substituent at 2-position, and an asymmetric version has not been considered possible due to problems associated with the racemization of the products. We have partially solved these problems. Catalyzed by an activated diphosphine-Rh complex and reacted in a selected dihalogenated solvent, the intramolecular hydroacylation of o-(2-arylvinyl)benzaldehydes provided the corresponding 2-aryl-1-indanones in high yields, and its asymmetric variant using o-(2-alkylvinyl)benzaldehydes afforded chiral 2-alkyl-1-indanones in high yields and with moderate enantioselectivities.     

One-step synthesis of porous PtNiCu trimetallic nanoalloy with enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward methanol oxidation

Pt-based alloy nanoporous structures have attracted a lot of attention because of their high activity and stability toward alcohol oxidation reactions. Especially, Pt alloying with Earth-abundant metal can lower the cost of catalyst. Here, we introduce a one-pot approach to synthesize bimetallic PtCu and Ni-doped PtCu nanoalloy with porous structure. The as-synthesized Ni-doped Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys exhibit excellent electrocatalytic properties toward methanol oxidation in acidic medium. The mass activity of the as-synthesized Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys is 3.6 times and 5.3 times that of Pt₅₅Cu₄₅ nanoalloys and commercial Pt black for methanol oxidation in 0.2?M methanol solution. Besides, the stability of the as-synthesized Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys was much better than Pt₅₅Cu₄₅ nanoalloys and commercial Pt black. After 3600?s chronoamperometry test, the remaining values of the Pt₆₀Ni₃Cu₃₇ nanoalloys are 3.7 times and 11.0 times that of Pt₅₅Cu₄₅ nanoalloys and commercial Pt black. And it is the first time to report that small amount of Ni dopants can boost the activity and stability of PtNiCu alloys toward methanol oxidation.     

Synthesis of mesoporous-silica coated multi-branched gold nanoparticles for surface enhanced Raman scattering evaluation of 4-bromomethcathinone

Mesoporous silica-coated multi-branched gold nanoparticles (bAu@mesoSiO₂) aiming for enhanced Raman sensing for 4-bromomethcathinone (4-BMC) detection is reported. In this work, we present an effective strategy to probe the Raman signal of 4-MBC. Morphologies and optical properties of the synthesized materials with different [Au³⁺]/[Au⁰] ratios are characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis and mid-infrared spectroscopy. Both experimental and theoretical (simulation) studies were investigated. Taking advantages of gold core branches that provide highly localized and strongly enhanced electromagnetic fields due to plasmon resonance, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is observed. The experimental results show that the SERS intensity exhibits a 100-fold increase with the increased average length and quantity of gold branches (nano tips). The analytical performance yielded a detection limit of 0.1?mg/ml for the 4-MBC target within 5?mins. The sensing method will likely find further improvement and broad use in the forensic science. Besides rapid detection and portability, the combination of the Raman effect and enhanced materials imparts other notable advantages, such as its non-contact and free of reagents.     

Organocatalytic double arylation of 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles: Stereocontrolled synthesis of complex spirooxindoles

Quinones, precursors of aromatic structures, were firstly employed as the electrophiles for the organocatalytic Michael addition/cyclization cascade reaction with versatile 3-isothiocyanato oxindoles. Chiral bifunctional organocatalyst was appropriate for this enantioselective transformation to afford a variety of novel spirooxindoles, possessing a spirocyclic stereocenter adjacent to the aromatic ring, via asymmetric double arylation. These synthesized spirooxindoles are very difficult to access by the reported methods and were obtained in excellent chemical yields with excellent enantioselectivities.     

药毒物分析中磁性固相萃取技术的应用进展

磁性固相萃取是一种新型的样品前处理技术,具有萃取时间短、吸附能力强、有机溶剂使用量少、操作简单快捷等优点,已经广泛应用于样品的分离提纯.在简要介绍磁性固相萃取技术发展、材料制备的基础上,着重对国内外磁性固相萃取技术在药毒物分析方面的发展现状以及应用进展进行了综述,以期为法庭科学领域相关物证鉴定提供参考,为严厉打击相关违法犯罪活动提供科学理论与实践依据.     

钙钛矿材料组分调控策略及其光电器件性能研究进展

近年来，钙钛矿太阳电池的光电转换效率取得了爆发式增长，这与电池中钙钛矿薄膜的制备工艺和材料组分密切相关.关于钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法，相关的研究报道及综述较多，然而钙钛矿材料组分调控方面的研究梳理工作相对缺乏.本综述总结了近年来不同组分体系钙钛矿材料的研究进展，包括有机无机铅卤钙钛矿、全无机铅卤钙钛矿、少铅钙钛矿以及无铅钙钛矿.重点介绍了不同体系中具有代表性的材料组分及其对器件性能的影响，旨在梳理通过组分调控提高钙钛矿电池的效率及稳定性的研究思路，最终实现商业化应用.     

Microfluidic three-dimensional biomimetic tumor model for studying breast cancer cell migration and invasion in the presence of interstitial flow

Cell migration and invasion are critical steps in cancer metastasis, which are the major cause of death in cancer patients. Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs) and interstitial flow(IF) are two important biochemical and biomechanical cues in tumor microenvironment, play essential roles in tumor progression. However, their combined effects on tumor cell migration and invasion as well as molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. In this work, we developed a microfluidic-based 3 D breast cancer model by co-culturing tumor aggregates, macrophages, monocytes and endothelial cells within 3 D extracellular matrix in the presence of IF to study tumor cell migration and invasion. On the established platform, we can precisely control the parameters related to tumor microenvironment and observe cellular responses and interactions in real-time. When co-culture of U937 with human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) or MDA-MB-231 cells and tri-culture of U937 with HUVECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, we found that mesenchymal-like MDA-MB-231 aggregates activated the monocytes to TAM-like phenotype macrophages. MDA-MB-231 cells and IF simultaneously enhanced the macrophages activation by the stimulation of colony-stimulating factor 1(CSF-1). The activated macrophages and IF further promoted vascular sprouting via vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGFα) signal and tumor cell invasion. This is the first attempt to study the interaction between macrophages and breast cancer cells under IF condition. Taken together, our results provide a new insight to reveal the important physiological and pathological processes of macrophages-tumor communication. Moreover, our established platform with a more mimetic 3 D breast cancer model has the potential for drug screening with more accurate results.     

用于超级电容器的层状Co3O4/Ti纳米片柔性电极及其低电荷转移电阻

采用水热合成法,在Ti网上原位生长多孔层状Co_3O_4纳米片,并优化了电荷转移电阻。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物的结构、形貌进行表征,及对电极的电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,材料是由排列良好的微米矩形二维薄片组成,且具有均匀的孔隙分布。这种独特的微纳米结构的超级电容器电极材料降低了电极的电荷转移电阻,增强了活性物质的结构稳定性,从而提高了电极的电化学性能,在电流密度为100 mA·g-1时,电极循环1 000次后,电容保持率为91.8%,电荷转移电阻(Rct)为0.29Ω。这些显著的超电容性能归因于合理的二维层状结构在柔性基底钛网上的生长及柔性Co_3O_4/Ti电极活性材料的高利用率。     

二元ZnCo-LDH助催化剂对BiVO4光电化学性能的促进

钒酸铋(BiVO_4)是最有前景的将太阳能转化为氢能(STH)的光阳极材料之一,但其本身严重的电子-空穴复合严重影响了其实用性。本文中,我们报道了用一步电沉积法将高效的二元ZnCo-LDH助催化剂沉积在钒酸铋(BiVO_4)光阳极上,大大提升了钒酸铋(Bi VO4)的光吸收能力,并且加速了水氧化反应动力学,显著促进了光生空穴向半导体表面的转移,减轻了表面电荷复合。BiVO_4/ZnCo-LDH光阳极在1.23 V(vs RHE)偏压下,0.5 mol·L-1磷酸钾(KPi)电解液中的光电流密度达到2.85 mA·cm~(-2),是纯BiVO_4的2.59倍,且起始电位(Von)从930 m V下降到270 m V。BiVO_4/ZnCo-LDH复合光阳极表现出65%的高表面电荷分离效率(1.23 V(vs RHE)),而纯BiVO_4的仅为30%。