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11.
The purpose of this paper is to calculate shadow prices of hospital services and compare them to the reimbursement rates those hospitals receive. These shadow prices are calculated by estimating a multiple-output distance function and applying a dual Shephard's lemma, a technique suggested by Färe and Grosskopf [8]. In contrast to cost functions, distance functions require no price data and do not presume cost minimization. We apply this technique to a sample of California hospitals operating in 1986. We find that hospitals engaged in selective contracting for Medi-Cal patients exhibit closer agreement between relative shadow prices and relative reimbursement rates (Medi-Cal relative to private patients) than noncontracting hospitals.Contact author. 相似文献
12.
Linear programming approaches to the measurement and analysis of productive efficiency 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C. A. K. Lovell Shawna Grosskopf Eduardo Ley Jesús T. Pastor Diego Prior Philippe Vanden Eeckaut 《TOP》1994,2(2):175-248
Invited by J. T. Pastor 相似文献
13.
Visco AJ Drake RP Glenzer SH Döppner T Gregori G Froula DH Grosskopf MJ 《Physical review letters》2012,108(14):145001
X-ray Thomson scattering has enabled us to measure the temperature of a shocked layer, produced in the laboratory, that is relevant to shocks emerging from supernovas. High energy lasers are used to create a shock in argon gas which is probed by x-ray scattering. The scattered, inelastic Compton feature allows inference of the electron temperature. It is measured to be 34 eV in the radiative precursor and ~60 eV near the shock. Comparison of energy fluxes implied by the data demonstrates that the shock wave is strongly radiative. 相似文献
14.
Wen Fu Edison P. Liang Milad Fatenejad Donald Q. Lamb Michael Grosskopf Hye-Sook Park Bruce Remington Anatoly Spitkovsky 《High Energy Density Physics》2013,9(2):336-340
Supersonic plasma outflows driven by multi-beam, high-energy lasers, such as Omega and NIF, have been and will be used as platforms for a variety of laboratory astrophysics experiments. Here we propose a new way of launching high density and high velocity, plasma jets using multiple intense laser beams in a hollow ring formation. We show that such jets provide a more flexible and versatile platform for future laboratory astrophysics experiments. Using high resolution hydrodynamic simulations, we demonstrate that the collimated jets can achieve much higher density, temperature and velocity when multiple laser beams are focused to form a hollow ring pattern at the target, instead of focused onto a single spot. We carried out simulations with different ring radii and studied their effects on the jet properties. Implications for laboratory collisionless shock experiments are discussed. 相似文献
15.
C.C. Kuranz R.P. Drake C.M. Huntington C.M. Krauland C.A. Di Stefano M. Trantham M.J. Grosskopf S.R. Klein D.C. Marion 《High Energy Density Physics》2013,9(2):315-318
We have performed high-energy-density physics experiments with large radiative fluxes, relevant to radiative shocks in our universe. These experiments were performed at the Omega Laser facility and used a laser irradiance of 7.2 × 1014 W cm?2 to launch a Be disk into low-density Xe gas. The radiative shocks were observed early in time as the dense shocked Xe layer began to form. The average shock position indicates that the shock is moving over 130 km s?1. Data are compared to simulation output from the CRASH code, which was developed at the Center for Radiative Shock Hydrodynamics at the University of Michigan. 相似文献
16.
Hector Lopez Hernandez Abigail K. Grosskopf Lyndsay M. Stapleton Gillie Agmon Eric A. Appel 《Macromolecular bioscience》2019,19(1)
Drug delivery and cell transplantation require minimally invasive deployment strategies such as injection through clinically relevant high‐gauge needles. Supramolecular hydrogels comprising dodecyl‐modified hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and poly(ethylene glycol)‐block‐poly(lactic acid) have been previously demonstrated for the delivery of drugs and proteins. Here, it is demonstrated that the rheological properties of these hydrogels allow for facile injectability, an increase of cell viability after injection when compared to cell viabilities of cells injected in phosphate‐buffered saline, and homogeneous cell suspensions that do not settle. These hydrogels are injected at 1 mL min?1 with pressures less than 400 kPa, despite the solid‐like properties of the gel when at rest. The cell viabilities immediately after injection are greater than 86% for adult human dermal fibroblasts, human umbilical vein cells, smooth muscle cells, and human mesenchymal stem cells. Cells are shown to remain suspended and proliferate in the hydrogel at the same rate as observed in cell media. The work expands on the versatility of these hydrogels and lays a foundation for the codelivery of drugs, proteins, and cells. 相似文献
17.
The relationship between Malmquist productivity change and profitability is developed in this paper. Our theoretical construct is applied to Swedish pharmacies. 相似文献
18.
Karl Grosskopf 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1959,170(1):271-277
Zusammenfassung Durch die Anwendung dampfförmiger Reagenskomponenten lassen sich Prüfröhrchenreaktionen verwirklichen, die dieser Technik aus Gründen der Reagensstabilität bisher verschlossen waren.Die dampfförmige Komponente ist innerhalb des Prüfröhrchens getrennt in einer Ampulle untergebracht, die erst unmittelbar vor der Prüfung auf einfache Weise geöffnet wird. So können metastabile, sehr reaktionsfähige Reagensgemische unmittelbar vor oder während der Prüfung nascierend erzeugt werden. Das Prinzip des Verfahrens wird erläutert an der Bestimmung von Formaldehyd, Tetrachlorkohlenstoff, Methylbromid und Methan im Gemisch mit Luft. 相似文献
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In this paper we analyze resource allocation distinguishing between the decision of when to begin allocation and over how many periods to apply the resources. We present analytical results for specific production technologies under different returns to scale assumptions, under capacity constraints and for production with technical change. Using a dynamic activity analysis framework we show how to compute in general optimal solutions for resource intensity use. 相似文献