Nitrogen,phosphorus and organics removal in two vertical flow experimental wetlands receiving pretreated municipal wastewater

Pollutants removal in two vertical flow experimental wetlands receiving pre-treated municipal wastewater was investigated. Laboratory investigations using microcosms were also carried out in order to identify key processes regulating pollutants removal. Results obtained from experimental wetlands seem to confirm the ability of a single stage installation, where nitrification and denitrification processes are jointly optimised using a gravel medium, always wet but not saturated with water. Results obtained from microcosm investigations show the prominent role of O2 supply, of microbial activity and of bio-available C from vegetal metabolism in the nitrogen removal.     

Nucleation of Topological Dipoles¶in Nematic Liquid Crystals

A topological dipole is a pair of point defects with opposite topological charges. In this paper we show by example how the nucleation of such a dipole within a smooth field can drive a metastable state into a stable one. Building on our previous work, we construct a mathematical model for the dynamics of both monopoles and dipoles in a capillary filled with a nematic liquid crystal. Though our analysis is fit for liquid crystals, a similar mechanism is also likely to apply to the field theory for other ordered media. Received: 10 July 1997 / Accepted: 25 June 1998     

Quantification methods of amorphous/crystalline fractions in high-energy ball milled pharmaceutical products

In this work, thermoanalytical, diffractometry, and microscopy measurements have been performed in order to characterize the effect of high energy milling on a drug active in the migraine prophylaxis and smoke cessation. We can assert that the mechanical treatment induces only a partial amorphisation of the solid phase, in particular it reduces the crystal order by producing lattice defects which propagate from the surface to the bulk crystal. For this reason, the DSC is able to detect the presence of ordered solid, while the powder X-ray diffractometry, because of its low penetration depth, does not reach the crystalline core of the particles.     

Global existence and exponential stability for a contact problem between two thermoelastic beams

In this paper we analyze a dynamic unilateral contact problem between two thermoelastic beams. We establish the existence of a weak global-in-time solution, by a penalization method. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behavior of such a solution proving that the energy associated to the system decays exponentially to zero, as time goes to infinity.     

Well-posedness results for a model of damage in thermoviscoelastic materials

This paper deals with a phase transitions model describing the evolution of damage in thermoviscoelastic materials. The resulting system is highly non-linear, mainly due to the presence of quadratic dissipative terms and non-smooth constraints on the variables. Existence and uniqueness of a solution are proved, as well as regularity results, on a suitable finite time interval.     

Operator splitting for the numerical solution of free surface flow at low capillary numbers

Free surface flows are pervasive in engineering and biomedical applications. In many interesting cases—particularly when small length scales are involved—surface forces (capillarity) dominate the flow dynamics. In these cases, computing the flow together with the shape of the surfaces, requires specialized solution techniques. This article investigates the capabilities of an operator splitting/finite elements method at handling accurately incompressible viscous flow with free surfaces at low capillary numbers. The test case of flow in the downstream section of a slot coater is used for three reasons: (1) it is an established benchmark; (2) it represents an idealized, yet industrially relevant flow; (3) high-fidelity results obtained with monolithic algorithms are available in literature. The flow and free surface shape attained with the new operator splitting scheme agree very satisfactorily with the results obtained with monolithic solvers. Because of its inherent computational simplicity, the new operator splitting scheme is attractive for large-scale simulations, three-dimensional flows, and flows of complex fluids.     

Chiral recognition of dipeptides in Langmuir monolayers

The recognition of the enantiomeric couples of ditryptophan in Langmuir films of N-hexadecanoyl-l-proline was investigated by surface pressure–area (π–A) isotherm measurements and Brewster angle microscopy experiments. The π–A isotherms relative to the films including the enantiomeric dipeptides show small differences whereas an evident enantiodiscrimination is observed by Brewster angle microscopy images.     

A Polycation Scaffold Presenting Tunable “Click” Sites: Conjugation to Carbohydrate Ligands and Examination of Hepatocyte‐Targeted pDNA Delivery

A versatile polycation scaffold that can easily be modified with targeting ligands has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. A series of galactose‐containing polymers has been produced to demonstrate the ease of modification of this polynucleotide delivery vehicle motif via the click reaction and to study how various structural modifications affect recognition by ASGPr on hepatocytes. A small library of structures was created where DCS and alkyl spacer length between the targeting group and the polymer backbone was varied. The novel polymer scaffold described proves to be a valuable tool for understanding structure/activity relationships of complexes made with receptor‐targeted polymers.