The ν3 band of 16O12C34S and 16O13C34S

The ν₃ fundamental of OCS has been measured with a resolution of about 0.03 cm^?1 for the isotopic species ¹⁶O¹²C³⁴S and ¹⁶O¹³C³⁴S. The associated transition 01¹1-01¹0 has also been measured. The transition 10⁰1-00⁰0 is also reported for the ¹⁶O¹²C³⁴S species.     

Conditional,Non-Homogeneous and Doubly Stochastic Compound Poisson Processes with Stochastic Discounted Claims

In this paper, we study the conditional, non-homogeneous and doubly stochastic compound Poisson process with stochastic discounted claims. We derive the moment generating functions of these risk processes and find their inverses, numerically or analytically, by using their corresponding characteristic functions. We then compare their distributions and some risk measures as the VaR and TVaR, and we examine the case where there is a possible dependence between the occurrence time and the severity of the claim.     

Synthesis and properties of new fluorinated polymers bearing pendant imidazole groups for fuel cell membranes operating over a broad relative humidity range

New alternating copolymers comprising a chlorotrifluorinated backbone and imidazole‐terminated pendant ethylene oxide groups have been prepared with a view to their use as a component of proton‐conducting membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. A vinyl ether containing an imidazole (Imi) function protected by a benzyl group (BVI) was first synthesized in a three‐step reaction. It was then copolymerized in solution with chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) by conventional radical copolymerization leading to alternating poly(BVI‐alt‐CTFE) copolymers in good yields. Deprotection of the benzyl group under hydrogen produced a chlorotrifluorinated poly(Imi‐alt‐CTFE) copolymer. The polymer was subsequently used to form blend membranes with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (sPEEK). The conductivity of blend membranes of poly (Imi‐alt‐CTFE) with sPEEK lies in the range of 4–10 mS cm^?1 at 40–70 °C and, for blend membranes rich in poly(Imi‐alt‐CTFE), is little dependent on relative humidity between 30 and 100%. It is surmised that the polymer and membrane composition favor microstructural phase separation into chlorotrifluorinated polymer backbone domains and regions in which imidazole groups are clustered. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 223–231, 2010     

Computation of non-equilibrium hypersonic flow with artificially upstream flux vector splitting (AUFS) schemes

The AUFS scheme has been presented for solving the Euler equations [Sun, M., Takayama, K., 2003. An artificially upstream flux vector splitting scheme for the Euler equations. Journal of Computational Physics, 189, 305–329]. An extension of this high resolution scheme-based on upwind numerical methods has been developed to calculate a two-dimensional hypersonic viscous flowfield in thermochemical non-equilibrium. The time-dependent Navier–Stokes governing equations are computed by using a multi-block finite volume technique on a structured mesh. The convective fluxes at the interfaces are evaluated using a flux vector splitting (FVS) method with a second-order reconstruction of the interface values and the viscous terms are discretised by second-order central differences. A better evaluation of aerodynamic parameters are obtained with this AUFS scheme and they are also compared to those obtained by previous works. The freestream flow conditions of these computations correspond to high-enthalpy flows with a Mach number range between 6.4 and 25.9. The obtained numerical results indicate that the AUFS scheme is accurate, robust, and efficient for the calculation of hypersonic flow.     

Convolution product formula for associated homogeneous distributions on R

The set of Associated Homogeneous Distributions (AHDs) on R, ??′(R), consists of distributional analogues of power‐log functions with domain in R. This set contains the majority of the (one‐dimensional) distributions typically encountered in physics applications. In earlier work of the author it was shown that ??′(R) admits a closed convolution structure, provided that critical convolution products are defined by a functional extension process. In this paper, the general convolution product formula is derived. Convolution of AHDs on R is found to be associative, except for critical triple products. Critical products are shown to be non‐associative in a minimal and interesting way. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Xe-broadening coefficients of 12CH3D: a test of theoretical line shapes

We present the Xe-broadening coefficients for six lines belonging to the ν₃ band of ¹²CH₃D measured at room temperature with a diode-laser spectrometer. The collisional widths are obtained from least-squares fitting of each absorption line with theoretical line shapes. We used the well-known Voigt profile, the soft and hard collision models considering the collisional narrowing and also line shapes taking into account the speed dependence of the collisional cross-section. The results derived by these different models are compared with each other and with theoretical broadening coefficients. The calculations are based on a semiclassical impact formalism that includes the atom–atom Lennard–Jones potential for CH₃D–Xe interactions in which CH₃D is considered as a linear molecule.     

Targeting matrix metalloproteinases in acute inflammatory shock syndromes

The integrity of the vascular wall and its intrinsic basement membrane structures ensure that plasma and the corpuscular elements of the blood remain confined to the intravascular milieu and can enter into the extravascular compartment in a well controlled fashion in cases of tissue infection or inflammation. However, sometimes inflammatory stimuli act on blood leukocytes and on endothelial cells from within the blood vessels and in an overwhelming way, leading to inflammatory shock syndromes. These severe conditions with high mortality rates are characterized by intravascular neutrophil degranulation, permeability changes of endothelia and disintegration of basement membranes and lead to almost uncontrollable edema, coagulation changes and multi-organ failure. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been functionally linked with septic and endotoxin shock, with cytokine release syndromes and with acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here we review a number of association studies, compare inflammatory shock data from gene knockout studies in mice and provide some insights from recent investigations with inhibitors of MMPs. This evaluation strengthens the expectation that MMP inhibitors, in particular those blocking neutrophil proteases, may become useful in the early phase of acute inflammatory shock syndromes.