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91.
92.
The preparations of the binuclear hydrido-bridged cations [(terdentate ligand)Pd(μ-H)Pd(terdentate ligand)]+ from [(terdentate ligand)Pd(acetone)]+ and NaO2CH and [(terdentate ligand)Pd(μ-H)Pt(terdentate ligand)]+ from [(terdentate ligand)Pd(acetone)]+ and [(terdentate ligand)PtH] (terdentate ligand = 2,6-(Ph2PCH2)2C6H3) are reported. The preparation of the cation [(terdentate ligand)Pt(μ-H)Pt(terdentate ligand)]+ is also reported. 相似文献
93.
A series of alkaline uranyl carbonates, M[UO2(CO3)3]·nH2O (M=Mg2, Ca2, Sr2, Ba2, Na2Ca, and CaMg) was synthesized and characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) after nitric acid digestion, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and thermal analysis (TGA/DTA). The molecular structure of these compounds was characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Crystalline Ba2[UO2(CO3)3]·6H2O was obtained for the first time. The EXAFS analysis showed that this compound consists of (UO2)(CO3)3 clusters similar to the other alkaline earth uranyl carbonates. The average U-Ba distance is 3.90±0.02 Å.Fluorescence wavelengths and life times were measured using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The U-O bond distances determined by EXAFS, TRLFS, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy agree within the experimental uncertainties. The spectroscopic signatures observed could be useful for identifying uranyl carbonate species adsorbed on mineral surfaces. 相似文献
94.
Shukla A Graener H Neubert RH 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2004,20(20):8526-8530
Water-in-oil microemulsions stabilized by AOT and dispersed in n-alkane oils with a constant molar water-to-surfactant ratio were studied by dynamic light scattering. A dilution series (in the range of volume fraction of water plus surfactant, phi approximately 0.02-0.52) was used, which allowed us to extract information about droplet sizes, diffusion coefficients, interactions, and polydispersity from experimental data. We report the observation of two diffusive relaxation modes in a concentrated microemulsion (0.20 < phi < 0.5) due to density (collective diffusion) and concentration or polydispersity (self-diffusion) fluctuations. Below this concentration it was difficult to resolve two exponentials unambiguously, and in this case one apparent relaxation mode was observed. It was found that for a given composition self-diffusion is more pronounced in apparent relaxation mode for a shorter chain length alkane. The concentration dependence of these diffusion coefficients reflects the effect of hard sphere and the supplementary attractive interactions. It was observed that the attractive part becomes more pronounced in the case of a large alkane chain oil at a given temperature. This explains the shift of the region of microemulsion stability to lower temperatures for higher chain length alkanes. Increase in hydrodynamic radius, Rh, obtained from the diffusion coefficient extrapolated to infinite dilution was observed with increase of alkane chain length. The polydispersity in microemulsion systems is dynamic in origin. Results indicate that the time scale for local polydispersity fluctuations is at least 3 orders of magnitude longer than the estimated time between droplet collisions. 相似文献
95.
A new methodology based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by LC-MS is presented for the simultaneous and unequivocal determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) and their degradation products, alkylphenols (APs) and alkylphenoxy carboxylates (APECs), in sediment samples. The protocol, applicable to a full range of APEO oligomers and degradation products, permits the sensitive and selective determination of APEOs (nEO = 1-15), APECs (nEO = 0-1) and APs at low ppb levels (LODs = 1-5 microg/kg) in sediment samples. Optimization of the operational parameters of PLE clearly demonstrates that significant thermal losses of APs occur during extraction at elevated temperatures. The loss of octylphenol (OP) at 100 degrees C was 61.2% and of nonylphenol (NP) 40.0%, whereas other compounds were completely recovered. Thus, to avoid losses due to the volatility of alkylphenols, a low extraction temperature should be applied. The conditions that gave the best results for all target compounds were as follows: extraction solvent mixture, methanol-acetone (1:1, v/v); temperature, 50 degrees C; pressure, 1500 p.s.i.; two static cycles. Using PLE and a subsequent clean-up with solid-phase extraction (SPE), the simultaneous extraction of APEOs, APs and APECs from sediment samples was achieved yielding recoveries >70% and producing low MS background noise. The developed methodology was applied on a routine basis to the analysis of alkylphenolic compounds in sediment samples. APEOs and their persistent degradation products were detected in significant concentrations in sediments from Portuguese rivers, especially at sites situated in the proximity of industrial plants (mainly the textile industry). The total concentration of alkylphenolic compounds (APEOs+APs+APECs) ranged from 155 to 2400 microg/kg. Of all the alkylphenolic compounds, NP comprised 40 to 50% with concentrations up to 1172 microg/kg. 相似文献
96.
Laloup M Ramirez Fernandez Mdel M Wood M De Boeck G Henquet C Maes V Samyn N 《Journal of chromatography. A》2005,1082(1):15-24
A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in preserved oral fluid was developed and fully validated. Oral fluid was collected with the Intercept, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved sampling device that is used on a large scale in the U.S. for workplace drug testing. The method comprised a simple liquid-liquid extraction with hexane, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a XTerra MS C18 column, eluted isocratically with 1 mM ammonium formate-methanol (10:90, v/v). Selectivity of the method was achieved by a combination of retention time, and two precursor-product ion transitions. The use of the liquid-liquid extraction was demonstrated to be highly effective and led to significant decreases in the interferences present in the matrix. Validation of the method was performed using both 100 and 500 MicroL of oral fluid. The method was linear over the range investigated (0.5-100 ng/mL and 0. 1-10 ng/mL when 100 and 500 microL, respectively, of oral fluid were used) with an excellent intra-assay and inter-assay precision (relative standard deviations, RSD <6%) for quality control samples spiked at a concentration of 2.5 and 25 ng/mL and 0.5 and 2.5 ng/mL, respectively. Limits of quantification were 0.5 and 0.1 ng/mL when using 100 and 500 microL, respectively. In contrast to existing GC-MS methods, no extensive sample clean-up and time-consuming derivatisation steps were needed. The method was subsequently applied to Intercept samples collected at the roadside and collected during a controlled study with cannabis. 相似文献
97.
98.
The kinetics of conversion of an edge-linked double cube, in this case [{Mo(3)PdS(4)(H(2)O)(9)}(2)](8+), to the corresponding single cube [Mo(3)(PdX)S(4)(H(2)O)(9)](4+), has been studied for the first time. Reaction is induced by six reagents X = CO, two water-soluble phosphines, Cl(-), Br(-), and NCS(-), which complex at the tetrahedral Pd. The first stage of reaction is fast and is accompanied by color changes, e.g. purple to dark blue in the case of Cl(-), assigned as double to single cube conversion. With X = CO and the two phosphines, when absorbance changes are intense enough for stopped-flow monitoring with reactants at =1 mM, rate constants 10(-)(5) k/M(-)(1) s(-)(1) at 25 degrees C are as follows: CO, 1.11; PTA, 27.8; P(C(6)H(4)SO(3))(3)(3)(-), 9.6; at I = 2.00 (Li(pts)). The reactions are independent of [H(+)] in the range 0.30-2.00 M, and no substitution at the Mo's is observed. The first stages with X = Cl(-), Br(-), and NCS(-) were too fast to monitor, but equilibrium constants K(1)/M(-)(1) were determined, Cl(-) (490), Br(-) (8040), and NCS(-) (630), by UV-vis spectrophotometry. Two subsequent kinetic stages are assigned to substitution at the Mo's. Similar behavior is observed for [Mo(3)FeS(4)(H(2)O)(10)](4+), which was selected because substitution at the Fe is also fast and there is no known double-cube formation. For both Mo(3)Pd and Mo(3)Fe the latter two stages can be explained by substitution at nonidentical (two alpha and one beta) H(2)O's on each Mo or by the presence of mixed-valent Mo(III)(2)Mo(IV) forms which are sufficiently long-lived to give a kinetic discrimination. In the case of NCS(-) an additional step, 0.015 s(-)(1), independent of [NCS(-)] is assigned to the isomerization Pd-NCS --> Pd-SCN. On removal of e.g. Cl(-) by chromatography or addition of Ag(+), the double cube re-forms. 相似文献
99.
Peter A. Beaven Mauro Marmotti Reinhard Kampmann Joachim Knoth Heinrich Schwenke 《Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy》2003,58(12):2049-2057
A multi-wire, gas-filled position-sensitive detector has been developed for the simultaneous recording of wavelength-dispersed X-ray signals that enables X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with a limited multi-element capability in the low Z element range. Details of the modular construction of the detector are given. The detector performance was characterized using Al–K radiation and a variable slit system. The detector has been applied in a laboratory spectrometer equipped with an electron source and a double multilayer mirror device as the wavelength-dispersing element. Spectra from Al and Si obtained in the simultaneous acquisition mode show good agreement with calculations performed using a ray-tracing model. 相似文献
100.
Gert Eckhardt 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》1979,14(1):31-35
Due to neighbouring group effects the behaviour under electron impact of amino ethers of the type RO(CH2)nNR1R2 is distinctly different from that of both simple ethers and amines. In addition to α-cleavages two further primary fragmentations can often be observed, one leading to [M–aldehyde]+. or [M–ketone]+. ions, the other (with n≥3) giving [M–R]+ ions. Both processes involve hydrogen rearrangements which were investigated by means of deuterium labelling. Their importance is strongly dependent upon the nature of the substituents R, R1, R2 and upon the length (n) of the carbon chain between the heteroatoms. This dependence can easily be explained by the fragmentation mechanisms put forward. 相似文献