Fe~(3 )/TiO_2/SiO_2复合纳米微粒的合成及光催化降解NO_2~-

采用溶胶 -凝胶法制备了 Ti O2 / Si O2 和不同浓度 Fe3 掺杂的 Fe3 / Ti O2 / Si O2 复合纳米粉末 ,并利用XRD、BET、UV-vis等手段研究了 Ti O2 / Si O2 及掺铁形成的 Fe3 / Ti O2 / Si O2 复合微粒的表面结构形态变化 ,以及对污染物 NO- 2 光催化降解的影响 .结果表明 ,Fe3 / Ti O2 / Si O2 (ω( Fe3 ) =1 .5 % ,m( Ti)∶ m( Si) =2∶ 1 )具有最佳活性 ,样品呈晶化度较低的锐钛矿结构 .Fe3 掺杂导致晶粒的增大 ,稳定性降低 ,大大提高了半导体的光催化活性 ,有利于对低浓度 NO- 2 的光催化降解     

凤仙花不同提取物中山奈酚的测定

为寻求有效的山奈酚分离、纯化条件,并从凤仙花中提取山奈酚;分别采用不同溶剂和不同方法对凤仙花红色花瓣进行了提取,并利用高效液相色谱法对其主成分进行了测定;实验结果表明: 9种提取物中均含有山奈酚,乙酸乙酯提取物中山奈酚的含量最高: 1 g凤仙花红色花瓣的乙酸乙酯提取液中含有8.1 mg的山奈酚.     

α-Al2O3阻氢微观机制研究

采用基于密度泛函理论广义梯度近似下的平面波赝势方法研究了刚玉(α-Al2O3)的阻氢微观机制, 对氢原子在α-Al2O3中的占据结构进行了计算, 发现氢原子占据空隙位置时能量最低, 寻找其过渡态得到活化能为1.59 eV, 利用动力学计算得到了氢原子在α-Al2O3中的扩散系数表达式为D(T)=(3.37×10-7)exp(-1.59/kT). 结果表明, 氢原子占据在α-Al2O3八面体空隙处的结构最稳定; 低温时扩散难以发生; 高温时扩散沿着空隙方向.     

乙酰化气相色谱法快速测定皮革及皮革制品中的五氯苯酚残留量

在前人工作基础上，对皮革及皮革制品中五氯苯酚残留测定方法经试验改进，增加浓硫酸净化步骤，并以艾氏剂作为标物，乙酰五氯苯酚用填充气相色谱测定。     

血清中Mo、Se、Mn、Cu、Zn与食管癌的关系探讨

通过对１８例食管癌患者以及８０例对照组血清中Ｍｏ、Ｓｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ的测定分析，发现食管瘤患者血硒含量明显低于对照组，二者之间有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。而血铜、铜／锌比值食管癌组明显高于对照组，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。Ｍｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ元素的含量在二组之间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）．提示血清硒铜与食管癌有关。     

V－Ag－Ni系氧化物的表面氧性质与甲苯选择性氧化的催化性能

制备了一系列Ｖ、Ａｇ、Ｎｉ原子比不同的三元氧化物，应用ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ技术研究了样品表面氧的性质，并测定了甲苯选择性氧化生成苯甲醛的催化活性．实验结果表明，样品表面存在有多种吸附的氧物种．在脱附温度＜９００℃：当Ｎｉ含量对Ａｇ（或Ｖ）的原子比为０．２５或０．５０时，仅在低温处出现有表面的Ｏ－和Ｏ２－两种氧物种的脱附峰；当Ｎｉ含量对Ａｇ（或Ｖ）的原子比增高到＞０．７５时，除有表面的Ｏ－和Ｏ２－两种氧物种的脱氧峰外，还有由于样品中的物相转变所生成的有晶格氧（Ｏ２－）参与脱附的脱氧峰．随着Ｖ－Ａｇ中Ｎｉ含量的改变，脱氧峰的脱附活化能Ｅｄ值也发生变化，３＃样品（Ｖ：Ａｇ：Ｎｉ＝１：１：０．７５）的Ｅｄ值最低，生成苯甲醛的选择性也最高．因此，样品的Ｅｄ值与生成苯甲醛的选择性之间存在着顺变关系．     

Synergistic Effect of Boron Nitride and Carbon Domains in Boron Carbide Nitride Nanotube Supported Single-Atom Catalysts for Efficient Nitrogen Fixation

Developing the low-cost and efficient single-atom catalysts (SACs) for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is of great importance while remains as a great challenge. The catalytic activity, selectivity and durability are all fundamentally related to the elaborate coordination environment of SACs. Using first-principles calculations, we investigated the SACs with single transition metal (TM) atom supported on defective boron carbide nitride nanotubes (BCNTs) as NRR electrocatalysts. Our results suggest that boron-vacancy defects on BCNTs can strongly immobilize TM atoms with large enough binding energy and high thermal/structural stability. Importantly, the synergistic effect of boron nitride (BN) and carbon domains comes up with the modifications of the charge polarization of single-TM-atom active site and the electronic properties of material, which has been proven to be the essential key to promote N₂ adsorption, activation, and reduction. Specifically, six SACs (namely V, Mn, Fe, Mo, Ru, and W atoms embedded into defective BCNTs) can be used as promising candidates for NRR electrocatalysts as their NRR activity is higher than the state-of-the art Ru(0001) catalyst. In particular, single Mo atom supported on defective BCNTs with large tube diameter possesses the highest NRR activity while suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, with a low limiting potential of −0.62 V via associative distal path. This work suggests new opportunities for driving NH₃ production by carbon-based single-atom electrocatalysts under ambient conditions.     

可逆与不可逆吸附氢在合成甲醇反应中的作用

在自行设计和建立的加压动态分析装置上研究了合成甲醇催化剂上氢的吸附和反应行为。结果表明:在反应条件下催化剂上吸附的氢可分为可逆吸附氢和不可逆吸附氢;不可逆吸附氢又可分为能被CO顶替出来的和不能被CO顶替出来的两部分;能被CO顶替出来的不可逆吸附氢对CO的吸附起促进作用,不能被CO顶替出来的不可逆吸附氢是合成甲醇催化剂必不可少的“组分”或称“促进剂”;同时甲醇的生成是可逆吸附氢与一氧化碳作用的结果。     

新型低共熔溶剂的制备及其在分散液-液微萃取水样中臧红T和胭脂红的应用EI北大核心CSCD

建立了一种基于低共熔溶剂的旋涡辅助分散液-液微萃取和高效液相色谱连用检测水样中臧红T和胭脂红染料的方法。制备了一类分别由苄基三乙基溴化铵、苄基三丁基溴化铵、苄基三乙基氯化铵或苄基三丁基氯化铵(氢键受体)和正辛酸(氢键供体)组成的新型疏水性低共熔溶剂。最佳萃取条件为:选取苄基三丁基氯化铵和正辛酸(摩尔比为1∶2)制备的低共熔溶剂为萃取剂,萃取剂用量为75μL,萃取时间为1 min,溶液pH=7,NaCl浓度为3 mg/mL。在最优化条件下,检测臧红T和胭脂红的线性范围为4.8~1000 ng/mL;相关系数(R^(2))分别为0.9981和0.9987;检出限分别为1.5和1.8 ng/mL;定量限均为4.8 ng/mL。将该方法应用于实际水样中臧红T和胭脂红的测定,加标回收率为88.5%~113.6%,相对标准偏差均低于8.8%。     

Semiconductor SERS on Colourful Substrates with Fabry-Pérot Cavities

Non-metallic materials have emerged as a new family of active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), with unique advantages over their metal counterparts. However, owing to their inefficient interaction with the incident wavelength, the Raman enhancement achieved with non-metallic materials is considerably lower with respect to the metallic ones. Herein, we propose colourful semiconductor-based SERS substrates for the first time by utilizing a Fabry-Pérot cavity, which realize a large freedom in manipulating light. Owing to the delicate adjustment of the absorption in terms of both frequency and intensity, resonant absorption can be achieved with a variety of non-metal SERS substrates, with the sensitivity further enhanced by ≈100 times. As a typical example, by introducing a Fabry-Pérot-type substrate fabricated with SiO₂/Si, a rather low detection limit of 10⁻¹⁶ M for the SARS-CoV-2S protein is achieved on SnS₂. This study provides a realistic strategy for increasing SERS sensitivity when semiconductors are employed as SERS substrates.