Development of a one step strip test for the detection of sulfadimidine residues.

The one step strip test described is a competitive immunoassay in which the detector reagent consists of colloidal gold particles coated with affinity purified polyclonal anti-sulfadimidine (SDD) antibodies. The capture reagent in the assay is an SDD-ovalbumin conjugate which is immobilised on the lateral flow membrane of the test device. In the test procedure, 150 microliters (four drops) of a liquid sample (buffer, urine or milk) are brought into the sample well of the test device and allowed to migrate over the membrane. The more analyte present in the sample, the more effectively it will compete with the SDD immobilised on the membrane for binding to the limited amount of antibodies of the detector reagent. A sufficient amount of SDD in the sample will therefore prevent the binding of the detector reagent to the SDD immobilised on the membrane. Therefore, a positive sample will not show a test line in the read-out zone. With spiked buffer or calf urine this was obtained at a level of > 10 ng ml-1 of SDD and with spiked (diluted) fresh cow milk at a level > 20 ng ml-1 of SDD. At these levels, the test is applicable only as a qualitative assay. The presence or absence of a test line indicates lower or higher levels of SDD, respectively. The major advantages of the one step strip test are that results can be obtained within 10 min and that all reagents are included in the test device.     

Quantitative Bestimmung von Sulfat und Sulfid (nach Oxydation) mit Hilfe des Orion-„Ionalizers“

A potentiometric procedure for the determination of sulphate has been tested. The analysis requires approx. 10–15 min time. The determination of the end-point is free from individual influences. In the determination of 0.1 N sodium sulphate an average error of the single measurement of fm=± 0.7% was observed. The more detailed complexometric method according to ?Deutsche Einheitsverfahren“ yielded an average mistake of fm=±2%. The method was applied to the determination of sulphate from sulphide (after oxidation of the latter). No considerable deviation from the gravimetrically ascertained values was noted. Borate does not interfere.     

Electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer reactions.X* + CO (X = O,I and Br)

The vibrational distribution of CO produced from the following two electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer reactions:

have been determined by means of infrared resonance absorption measurements employing a cw CO laser. The CO molecules formed in both reactions were found to be vibrationally excited up to the limits of available electronic energies carried by the excited atoms. A similar result was also observed in the Br(4²P_{$\text{1}\text{2}$}) + CO reaction, in which absorption occurred only in the 1 → 2 band. For the O^* + CO reaction the efficiency of E → V energy transfer was determined to be 16%. Our present results were found to be inconsistent with the impulsive (half-collision) model.     

Homolytic reactions of polyfluoroaromatic compounds V. The reaction of pentafluorophenyl radicals with fluorobenzene

The arylation of fluorobenzene with pentafluorophenyl radicals obtained by the reaction of the corresponding aniline with pentyl nitrite is described. The reaction involves attact at the 2t?-,3t?-and 4t?-positions. The composition of the mixture and the nature of its components were determined by ¹⁹F NMR spectroscopy and were confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography.     

A new solid-phase polymerization—metal phthalocyanine sheet polymers

The thermal reactions of pure metal(11) 4,4′,4″,4′″-phthalocyanine-tetracarboxylic acids of copper, cobalt, and nickel at 350–400°C in vacuum have been studied using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, gas chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Based on these observations, novel in situ reactions for the synthesis of heat-resistant phthalocyanine “sheet” polymers are described. The poly(metal phthalocyanine) polymers of copper, cobalt, and nickel so synthesized have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and dynamic thermogravimetric analysis. The most noteworthy property of these polymers is their extreme resistance to heat in an anaerobic atmosphere and their high char yields (89–93%) at 800°C in a nitrogen atmosphere.     

Ring cleavage and ring expansion of indoles by superoxide ion

The reaction of indoles ($\text{1}$) with superoxide ion resulted in ring cleavage to give $\text{o}$-formyl and $\text{o}$-acylaminoketones ($\text{6}$) or N-acylanthranilic acid ($\text{8}$) and ring expansion yielding 2-quinolones ($\text{7}$). All reactions are chemiluminescent except that of 2-methylindole ($\text{lh}$), which gave a coupled product ($\text{9}$).     

Gitoxigenin glycosides

Summary Three cardiac glycosides have been synthesized from gitoxigenin and D-glucose: gitoxigenin 3-O--D-glucopyranoside, gitoxigenin 16 -O- -D-glucopyranoside, and gitoxigenin 3, 16-di-O- -D-glucoside. The first glycoside, obtained with a yield of 49% on the weight of the initial aglycone, possesses a fairly high biological activity (0.25 mg/kg), while the other two, formed in a yield of about 0.3%, do not possess the action on the heart that is specific for the cardenolides.Khar'kov Chemical and Pharmaceutical Scientific-Research Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 45–49, January, 1971.     

Preparation and chain extension of C100dicarboxylic acid

The selective degradation of polyethylene crystals with fuming nitric acid has been used to prepare a C₁₀₀ chain with terminal functional groups. After treating this product with concentrated sulphuric acid, it is shown by average molecular weight, titration and infra-red spectroscopy measurements that each molecule contains two carboxylic acid groups. This C₁₀₀ dicarboxylic acid is chain extended with several low molecular weight difunctional coupling agents. Block copolymers of this acid and poly(propylene glycol) have been prepared.     

Elektrische Leitfähigkeiten geschmolzener Salzmischungen aus Strontiumchlorid und Alkalimetallchloriden

Electrical Conductivity of Molten Strontium Chloride-Alkali Chloride Salt Mixtures The temperature and concentration dependence of the specific electrical conductivity is measured for binary fused mixtures SrCl₂–MeCl (Me = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs). Minima of the conductivity are found at the concentration x · 0.5 in the systems SrCl₂–(KCl, RbCl, CsCl).     

Bemerkungen zur chemischen Bestimmung von zweiwertigem Eisen und dreiwertigem Mangan in manganhaltigen Ferriten

Zusammenfassung Die Methode von Bonsels u. Linnemann [1] zur Bestimmung von Fe^II und Mn^III lieferte bei der Überprüfung falsche Ergebnisse. Die Ursache liegt darin, daß sich der Blindwert des Azides in Gegenwart von Mn^2ü-Ionen erheblich erhöht und in der Siedehitze eine Reaktion zwischen Mn^III und Cr^III abläuft. Da eine Auflösung selbst fein pulverisierter Ferrite in dem mitgeteilten Lösungsgemisch nur in der Siedehitze erfolgt, ist eine Bestimmung von Fe^II und Mn^III in Ferriten nach dieser Methode nicht möglich.

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Summary The method for the determination of Fe^II and Mn^III in manganese ferrites by Bonsels and Linnemann [1] was examined. It was found that the consumption of NaN₃, used for the reduction of Mn^III and effecting in a second (not wanted) reaction the reduction of Cr₂O₇ ^2–, is essentially increased by the presence of Mn^II and causes an error in the determination of Fe^II. The second error is the reaction between Mn^III and Cr^III at boiling temperature. On account of the necessity to dissolve the ferrites with the acid mixture at boiling temperature the determination of Mn^III and Fe^II is not possible.

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Herrn Dr. P. Kleinert vom Institut für Magnetische Werkstoffe danken wir an dieser Stelle für wertvolle Diskussionsbeiträge und das bei der Durchführung der Arbeit gezeigte Interesse.