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31.
Robert G. W. Anderson 《Ambix》2015,62(4):333-344
Following colonisation of South America by the Spanish, many new naturally occurring substances were sent to Europe. One of these was the silvery, unreactive metal, platinum, discovered in New Grenada in the mid-eighteenth century. It was often found in granular form, associated with gold, and the challenge to chemists was to refine it, produce it as wire or sheet, and determine its chemical properties. This interested the professor of chemistry at the University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black, who was able to obtain samples from London-based Spanish contacts, particularly Ignacio Luzuriaga. This paper examines how Black transmitted his knowledge of the metal to large numbers of students attending his annual course. 相似文献
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V. V. Sagaradze N. V. Kataeva V. A. Zavalishin K. A. Kozlov V. V. Makarov A. R. Kuznetsov 《哲学杂志》2020,100(14):1868-1879
ABSTRACT The authors present the results of an investigation in Fe–Ni-Cr austenitic alloys of the low-temperature deformation-induced segregations of nickel that form in the micro regions being (i) located close to grain- and subgrain boundaries and (ii) characteristic of the concentration and magnetic inhomogeneities indicated by the appearance of a dark diffraction contrast at the electron diffraction patterns taken from these regions typical (at the same time) of an enhanced value of Curie temperature. The observed effects were connected with the micro distortions caused by the local change of lattice parameter because of an increase in nickel concentration, as well as in the result of a magnetostriction dilatation. Using methods of the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) and atomic-probe body-section radiography (tomography – APT) has made it possible to determine the borders of those regions of austenite that were characteristic of an enhanced concentration of nickel in the fields of the localisation of a deformation-induced segregation of nickel in the vicinity of grain (subgrain) boundaries of austenitic alloys of the types Fe–13Cr–30Ni and Fe–37Ni–3Ti. 相似文献
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Dapeng Liu Binod R. Giri Milán Szőri Béla Viskolcz Et-touhami Es-sebbar Aamir Farooq 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2021,38(1):967-976
NOx mitigation is a central focus of combustion technologies with increasingly stringent emission regulations. NOx can also enhance the autoignition of hydrocarbon fuels and can promote soot oxidation. The reaction between allyl radical (C3H5) and NOx plays an important role in the oxidation kinetics of propene. In this work, we measured the absolute rate coefficients for the redox reaction between C3H5 and NOx over the temperature range of 1000–1252 K and pressure range of 1.5–5.0 bar using a shock tube and UV laser absorption technique. We produced C3H5 by shock heating of C3H5I behind reflected shock waves. Using a Ti:Sapphire laser system with frequency quadrupling, we monitored the kinetics of C3H5 at 220 nm. Unlike low-temperature chemistry, the two target reactions, C3H5 + NO → products (R1) and C3H5 + NO2 → products (R2), exhibited a strong positive temperature dependence for this radical-radical type reaction. However, these reactions did not show any pressure dependence over the pressure range of 1.5–5.0 bar, indicating that the measured rate coefficients are close to the high-pressure limit. The measured values of the rate coefficients resulted in the following Arrhenius expressions (in unit of cm3/molecule/s):To our knowledge, these are the first high-temperature measurements of allyl + NOx reactions. The reported data will be highly useful in understanding the interaction of NOx with resonantly stabilized radicals as well as the mutual sensitization effect of NOx on hydrocarbon fuels. 相似文献
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Manjumol K. A. Jayasankar M. Vidya K. Mohamed A. Peer Nair Balagopal N. Warrier K. G. K. 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2015,74(1):161-167
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - High temperature stable brookite rich titanium dioxide of average crystallite size 20&;nbsp;nm has been prepared by a novel aqueous sol–gel... 相似文献
38.
Synthesis of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers bearing perfluorosulfonic functions 下载免费PDF全文
Luca Assumma Cristina Iojoiu Régis Mercier Sandrine Lyonnard Huu Dat Nguyen Emilie Planes 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(16):1941-1956
Partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers bearing perfluorosulfonic functions (ps‐PES‐FPES), with ionic exchange capacity (IEC) ranging between 0.9 and 1.5 meq H+/g, are synthesized by regioselective bromination of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone) multiblock copolymers (PES‐FPES), followed by Ullman coupling reaction with lithium 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoro‐2‐(1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoro‐2‐iodoethoxy)ethanesulfonate. The PES‐FPES are prepared by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction by an original approach, that is, “one pot two reactions synthesis.” The chemical structures of polymers are analyzed by 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy. The resulted ionomers present two distinct glass transitions and α relaxations revealing phase separation between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic domains. The phase separation is observed at much lower block lengths of ps‐PES‐FPES as compared with the literature. AFM and SANS observations supported the phase separation, the hydrophilic domains are well dispersed but the connectivity to each other depends on the ps‐PES block lengths. The thermomechanical behavior, the water up‐take, and the conductivity of the ps‐PES‐FPES membranes are compared with those of Nafion 117® and randomly functionalized polysulfone (ps‐PES). Conductivities close or higher to those of Nafion 117® are obtained. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 1941–1956 相似文献
39.
Saleh Z. M. Nasser H. Özkol E. Günöven M. Abak K. Canli S. Bek A. Turan R. 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2015,17(10):1-12
Journal of Nanoparticle Research - Plasmonic interfaces consisting of silver nanoparticles of different sizes (50–100&;nbsp;nm) have been processed by the self-assembled dewetting... 相似文献
40.
E. V. Shadrina O. N. Malinkina T. G. Khonina A. B. Shipovskaya V. I. Fomina E. Yu. Larchenko N. A. Popova I. G. Zyryanova L. P. Larionov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》2015,64(7):1633-1639
The biomimetic sol—gel synthesis of silicon—chitosan-containing glycerohydrogels was carried out using silicon tetraglycerolate as a precursor. It was found that chitosan accelerates gel formation in weakly acidic media. In more acidic media, the kinetics of the process changes according to the curve with a maximum, which can be attributed to different mechanisms of silanol condensation before and after the isoelectric point. The investigated silicon—chitosan-containing glycerohydrogels exhibit antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activity. The synthesized hybrid glycerohydrogels are promising materials for biomedical applications. 相似文献