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951.
Kamphuis MM Johnston AP Such GK Dam HH Evans RA Scott AM Nice EC Heath JK Caruso F 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2010,132(45):15881-15883
Targeted delivery of drugs to specific cells allows a high therapeutic dose to be delivered to the target site with minimal harmful side effects. Combining targeting molecules with nanoengineered drug carriers, such as polymer capsules, micelles and polymersomes, has significant potential to improve the therapeutic delivery and index of a range of drugs. We present a general approach for functionalization of low-fouling, nanoengineered polymer capsules with antibodies using click chemistry. We demonstrate that antibody (Ab)-functionalized capsules specifically bind to colorectal cancer cells even when the target cells constitute less than 0.1% of the total cell population. This precise targeting offers promise for drug delivery applications. 相似文献
952.
Franz Weitzer Masaaki Naka Nataliya Krendelsberger Frank Stein Cuiyun He Yong Du Julius C. Schuster Prof. Dr. 《无机化学与普通化学杂志》2010,636(6):982-990
The constitution of the ternary system Ni/Si/Ti is investigated over the entire composition range using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and metallography. The solid state phase equilibria are determined for 900 °C. Eight ternary phases are found to be stable. The crystal structures for the phases τ1NiSiTi, τ2Ni4Si7Ti4, τ3Ni40Si31Ti13, τ4Ni17Si7Ti6, and τ5Ni3SiTi2 are corroborated. For the remaining phases the compositions are determined as Ni6Si41Ti53 (τ6), Ni16Si42Ti42(τ7), and Ni12Si45Ti43 (τ8). The reaction scheme linking the solid state equilibria with the liquidus surface is amended to account for these newly observed phases. The discrepancies between previous experimental conclusions and modeling results are addressed. The liquidus surface is dominated by the primary crystallisation field of τ1NiSiTi, the only congruently melting phase. 相似文献
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957.
Rainer Niewa Andreas Czulucki Gudrun Auffermann Martin Meven Frank Steglich 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2010,183(6):1309-1313
Large single crystals of ZrAsxSey (x>y, x+y≤2, PbFCl type of structure, space group P4/nmm) were grown by Chemical Transport. Structural details were studied by single crystal neutron diffraction techniques at various temperatures. One single crystal specimen with chemical composition ZrAs1.595(3)Se0.393(1) was studied at ambient temperature (R1=5.10 %, wR2=13.18 %), and a second crystal with composition ZrAs1.420(3)Se0.560(1) was investigated at 25 K (R1=2.70%, wR2=5.70 %) and 2.3 K (R1=2.30 %, wR2=4.70 %), respectively. The chemical compositions of the crystals under investigation were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The quantification of trace elements was carried out by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. According to the crystal structure refinements the crystallographic 2a site is occupied by As, together with a significant amount of vacancies. One of the 2c sites is fully occupied by As and Se (random distribution). With respect to the fractional coordinates of the atoms, the crystal structure determinations based on the data obtained at 25.0 K and 2.3 K did not show significant deviations from ambient temperature results. The temperature dependence of the displacement parameters indicates a static displacement of As on the 2a sites (located on the (0 0 1) planes) for all temperatures. No indications for any occupation of interstitial sites or the presence of vacancies on the Zr (2a) site were found. 相似文献
958.
Continuous electrochemical sensing is often carried out in order to track the growth of cells as an alternative to optical monitoring. Planar sensors and multi-sensor chips are applied in case of adhered growing cells, and usually introduced into lab-on-chip systems. Repeated recalibration is necessary with most chemosensors so far and this limits the operational lifetime of such lab-on-chip systems to a few days. An assembly is presented here that eliminates this disadvantage and enables the monitoring of a long-term cultivation of tissue. Cell cultures and sensor are arranged such that they can be separated or contacted at variable times without having an impact on the growth of the cells. The use of a biocompatible nano-porous membrane is especially important. A multi-well system is described where each well is supplied with a planar multi-sensor chip below the adhered cells to determine (a) pH, (b) glucose, (c) oxygen, and—optionally—impedance, for example during the cultivation of cartilage tissue. 相似文献
959.
Pietro Lura Frank Winnefeld Stefanie Klemm 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2010,101(3):925-932
Isothermal calorimetry and chemical shrinkage measurements are two independent techniques used to study the development of
hydration in cementitious systems. In this study, calorimetry and chemical shrinkage measurements were combined and simultaneously
performed on hydrating cement paste samples. Portland cement pastes with different water to cement ratios and a cement paste
containing calcium sulfoaluminate clinker and anhydrite were studied. The combined calorimetry/chemical shrinkage test showed
good reproducibility and revealed the different hydration behavior of sealed samples and open samples, i.e., samples exposed
to external water during hydration. Large differences between sealed and open samples were observed in a Portland cement paste
with low water to cement ratio and in the calcium sulfoaluminate paste; these effects are attributed to self-desiccation of
the sealed pastes. Once the setup is fully automatized, it is expected that combined calorimetry/chemical shrinkage measurements
can be routinely used for investigating cement hydration. 相似文献
960.
Katarzyna Szot John D. Watkins Steven D. Bull Frank Marken Marcin Opallo 《Electrochemistry communications》2010,12(6):737-739
Three dimensional carbon film electrodes were prepared from oppositely charged carbon nanoparticles (ca. 9 to 18 nm diameter) by a layer-by-layer approach. This was done by alternative immersion of indium tin oxide plates into suspension of positively and negatively charged particles. A stable film is formed already after single immersion and withdrawal step as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Up to ten immersion and withdrawal steps can be used to systematically increase the amount of nanoparticulate carbon material. The capacitive current density and current density of hydrogen peroxide reduction are proportional to the number of immersion and withdrawal steps. The same can be seen for adsorbed redox active 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate). After adsorption of bilirubin oxidase into the film efficient bioelectrocatalytic dioxygen reduction is observed. 相似文献