Chromatographic characterization of thermally upgraded products from alternative fuels

An overview is presented of the analytical approaches developed by our research group over the last ten years for analysis of alternative fuel, both biomass and fossil. The alternative fuels are analyzed successively by PLC-8 (preparative liquid chromatography–group-type) fractionation and high resolution gas chromatography. Some of the possibilities for fractionation and characterization of alternative fuels are herein exemplified with sugar cane bagasse pyrolysis products.     

Weak type (1, 1) inequalities of maximal convolution operators

In this paper we study the behavior of the constants which appear in the weak type (1, 1) inequalities for maximal convolution operators by means of discrete methods. One of the first applications of these techniques will give us a very simple proof of the ergodic theorem. We also present partial results in order to investigate the best constant in the weak type (1, 1) inequality for the Hardy-Littlewood centered maximal operator in dimension one. In dimension bigger than one we also obtain some lower bounds for that constant.     

Infinitely renormalizable diffeomorphisms of the disk at the boundary of chaos

We show that, among area contracting embeddings of the 2-disk, infinitely renormalizable maps with a bounded geometry either have positive topological entropy or correspond to a cascade of period doubling.

     

A hybrid genetic algorithm-heuristic for a two-dimensional orthogonal packing problem

In this paper we address a two-dimensional (2D) orthogonal packing problem, where a fixed set of small rectangles has to be placed on a larger stock rectangle in such a way that the amount of trim loss is minimized. The algorithm we propose hybridizes a placement procedure with a genetic algorithm based on random keys. The approach is tested on a set of instances taken from the literature and compared with other approaches. The computation results validate the quality of the solutions and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

Should Epstein strip arrangement be changed?

The paper describes effect of texture on the anisotropy of magnetic properties and shows that an Epstein strip arrangement including strips cut in a direction 45° to the rolling direction gives property values that are closer to the average values than the traditional RD+TD arrangement.     

Consequences of magnetic aging for iron losses in electrical steels

Electrical steels, when submitted to operation, present continuous decrease of their magnetic properties, depending on the carbon content. This effect is attributed to the increase of the size of carbides, a process also known as coarsening or Ostwald Ripening. Loss separation can offer a better understanding of this phenomenon. Experimental results show that all effect of aging is inside the hysteresis loss component, with the excess losses unaffected. The carbon content in electrical steels should be less than 25 ppm to avoid magnetic aging.     

On γ-hyperelliptic Numerical Semigroups

This work was realized while the author was ICTP (Trieste - Italy) with a grant from the International Atomic Energy Agency and UNESCO.     

Palladium catalyzed Heck reaction of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts with Baylis-Hillman adducts: production of α-benzyl-β-keto esters

A novel experimental procedure to obtain α-benzyl-β-keto esters from the Heck reaction between arenediazonium tetrafluoroborate salts and Baylis-Hillman (BH) adducts in the presence of Pd(OAc)₂ as catalyst is described. The methodology is simple, straightforward and the use of arenediazonium salts as opposed to conventional arylhalides/triflates over the usual Heck reaction is highlighted.     

Researches on pyridodiazepines. Behavior of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5-methylcyclopenta[e]pyrido[3,2-b][1,4]-diazepin-6(5H)-one with chloroacetyl chloride

Following a previous experiment, an original heteropolycyclic structure 4 was obtained by a reaction of chloroacetyl chloride with compound 3 bearing a conjugated double bond system. The condensation develops with an initial NH-chloroacetylation and ring closure by quaternarization of the pyridine nitrogen. This is achieved through an 1,4 -cycloaddition of chloroketene to make a pyranone ring.