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61.
Simultaneous microwave and ultrasound irradiation is shown as a new technique for digestion of solid and liquid samples suitable for chemical and food analysis. Its application in analytical chemistry has been shown by decreases in digestion time: determination of copper in edible oils and total Kjeldahl nitrogen. 相似文献
62.
Grotenbreg GM Kronemeijer M Timmer MS El Oualid F van Well RM Verdoes M Spalburg E van Hooft PA de Neeling AJ Noort D van Boom JH van der Marel GA Overkleeft HS Overhand M 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2004,69(23):7851-7859
A practical gram-scale and high-yielding synthesis of the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S is presented. An Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol is employed for the generation of the linear decapeptide precursor, which is cyclized in solution to afford the target compound. The versatility of our method is demonstrated by the construction of eight gramicidin S analogues (15a-h) having nonproteinogenic sugar amino acid residues (4-7) incorporated in the turn regions. 相似文献
63.
Raunkjaer M El Oualid F van der Marel GA Overkleeft HS Overhand M 《Organic letters》2004,6(18):3167-3170
[reaction: see text] Novel highly functionalized dipeptide isosters are synthesized via a diastereoselective alkyl/arylation protocol of a glucose-derived (R)-tert-butanesulfinylimine. One of these novel sugar amino acid derivatives, a D-Ala-Ser/Thr isostere, was applied in a peptide synthesis protocol to afford a cyclic tetramer. 相似文献
64.
Coleman AW Da Silva E Nouar F Nierlich M Navaza A 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2003,(7):826-827
The crystal structure of the complex 12.calix-[4]-arene dihydroxyphosphonic acid, 12.propane diammonium, 12.ethanol and 40.water molecules is based on dimeric units of the calix, assembled via trigonal units into a hexameric tube of 15 A radius and 16 A depth, further assemby via spanning propane diammonium cations and ethanol molecules forms a channel (40 A), selectively containing all the water molecules. 相似文献
65.
Abram Farid Bishay 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2010,286(1):81-89
The sustainable development of agricultural waste is nowadays a main strategy in producing neutral CO2 energy and metal removal technologies. In Egypt, large amounts of rice straw are annually burnt in the open air causing severe
air pollution that could be directed to co-firing and adsorption technologies. On bench scale, rice straw was positively contributed
in a clean and smokeless co-firing process with methanol due to the oxidizing effect of the alcohol. The co-firing temperature
control is vital to develop the adsorptive character of the residual ash and to avoid prolonged time needed to improve the
physical properties of the rice straw if applied directly as a biosorbent. The consumed methanol in the process ranges from
0.15 to 0.3 liter per each kg of straw depending on its compaction. The grossed heat value from such process may drive steam
generator for electricity. The residual ash was subsequently cross-linked in uranium and heavy metals adsorption tests from
solutions. The porous texture of the residual ash and the amorphous nature of the silica along with potassium content provide
a suitable condition for uranium immobilization especially if phosphorus or vanadium exist. The resulted chemical precipitate
is analogues in composition to meta-ankoleite (KUO2PO4·3H2O) or hydrated carnotite (K2(UO2)2V2O8)·1-3H2O respectively. The XRD data of the latter form show an enhancement in crystallinity of the amorphous precipitate with the
heated samples. 相似文献
66.
We study the question: For which (r,n) can a linear r-field on the (n-1)-sphere in an n-dimensional real linear space be deformed through a continuous path of linear r-fields into an orthonormal r-field. We provide complete answers for the cases: (r,n)=(2,4),(3,4), and provide several partial results for the cases (r,n)=(2,2m), where m is an even integer satisfying m4. Characterizations of linear r-fields are pivotal in the investigation. 相似文献
67.
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69.
Farhat A Fabiano-Tixier AS Visinoni F Romdhane M Chemat F 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(47):7345-7350
Without adding any solvent or water, we proposed a novel and green approach for the extraction of secondary metabolites from dried plant materials. This "solvent, water and vapor free" approach based on a simple principle involves the application of microwave irradiation and earth gravity to extract the essential oil from dried caraway seeds. Microwave dry-diffusion and gravity (MDG) has been compared with a conventional technique, hydrodistillation (HD), for the extraction of essential oil from dried caraway seeds. Essential oils isolated by MDG were quantitatively (yield) and qualitatively (aromatic profile) similar to those obtained by HD, but MDG was better than HD in terms of rapidity (45min versus 300min), energy saving, and cleanliness. The present apparatus permits fast and efficient extraction, reduces waste, avoids water and solvent consumption, and allows substantial energy savings. 相似文献
70.
The synchronization problem for a general class of uncertain chaotic systems is addressed. The underlying systems may be perturbed by unknown time-varying parameters, unstructured uncertainties, and external disturbances. Meanwhile, the time-varying parameters and disturbances are neither required to be periodic nor to have known bounds. Assuming the disturbances are L(2) signals, an adaptive control incorporated with H(∞) control technique is employed to construct a robust adaptive synchronization algorithm. Then, removing such assumption, a novel adaptive-based method is developed to achieve the goal of synchronization. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, such methods are applied to solve the synchronization problem of uncertain chaotic Chua's circuits. 相似文献