Development toward a double focusing isotopic separator for noble gas isotope enrichment

A double focusing sector field mass filter used in Nier–Johnson geometry has been built in order to perform Kr isotope enrichment for ⁸¹Kr and ⁸⁵Kr isotopes. The principle consists in implanting Kr⁺ ions accelerated at 7 keV in Al foils after separation using the magnetic sector. A specific ion source has been designed capable of generating high Kr⁺ ion beams (>0.5 μA) to transfer into the collecting Al foils in 3 to 5 h significant fractions of large Kr samples (10¹⁵ to 10¹⁶ atoms) initially introduced in the instrument. Implanted Kr isotopes can be further selectively released from the Al foil by surface ablation using an infrared laser beam. Implantation yields and enrichment factors are measured using a conventional mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Topological Graph Polynomial and Quantum Field Theory Part II: Mehler Kernel Theories

We define a new topological polynomial extending the Bollobás–Riordan one, which obeys a four-term reduction relation of the deletion/contraction type and has a natural behaviour under partial duality. This allows to write down a completely explicit combinatorial evaluation of the polynomials, occurring in the parametric representation of the non-commutative Grosse–Wulkenhaar quantum field theory. An explicit solution of the parametric representation for commutative field theories based on the Mehler kernel is also provided.     

Synthesis and palladium-catalysed isomerisation of fused polycyclic tetrahydrofurans: efficient and stereoselective one-pot domino construction of functionalised bridged bicyclo[n.2.1] ring systems

A new one-pot domino reaction for a general entry to functionalised bridged bicyclo[n.2.1] ring systems from α ,α’-diactivated cyclic ketones and trans-1,4-dihalides is described. The sequence combines a base promoted C–O cycloalkylation reaction leading to fused polycyclic enol ethers and their in situ palladium-catalysed isomerisation.     

N‐(2‐Ethylhexyl)carbazole: A New Fluorophore Highly Suitable as a Monomolecular Liquid Scintillator

The synthesis, photophysical properties, and applications in scintillation counting of N‐(2‐ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz) are reported. This molecule displays all of the required characteristics for an efficient liquid scintillator (emission wavelength, scintillation yield), and can be used without any extra fluorophores. Thus, its scintillation properties are discussed, as well as its fast neutron/gamma discrimination. For the latter application, the material is compared with the traditional liquid scintillator BC‐501 A, and other liquid fluorescent molecules classically used as scintillation solvents, such as xylene, pseudocumene (PC), linear alkylbenzenes (LAB), diisopropylnaphthalene (DIN), 1‐methylnaphthalene (1‐MeNapht), and 4‐isopropylbiphenyl (iPrBiph). For the first time, an excimeric form of a molecule has been advantageously used in scintillation counting. A moderate discrimination between fast neutrons and gamma rays was observed in bulk EHCz, with an apparent neutron/gamma discrimination potential half of that of BC‐501 A.     

Enhancement of Mn red emission in CaGa2S4 compounds by co-doping rare-earth elements

When certain trivalent rare-earth ions (Ln's) are co-doped in CaGa₂S₄:Mn²⁺ as sensitizers, the Mn red emission of the compound is strikingly enhanced. In this work, efficiency of each lanthanide is studied. The best efficiencies are achieved with La³⁺-, Pr³⁺-, and Tb³⁺- co-doped compounds, for each of which the effects of concentrations of the co-doped ions on the Mn²⁺ emission are investigated. The energy-transfer mechanisms and the location of electronic energy levels of both the trivalent and the divalent lanthanides in the energy band gap of the host material are discussed. Depending on Ln's, charge transfer or cross-relaxation should be taken into account.     

A new tin-free source of amidyl radicals

[reaction: see text] The readily available N-(O-ethyl thiocarbonylsulfanyl)amides are powerful amidyl radical precursors that undergo 5-exo cyclization to give pyrrolidinone derivatives via a radical-chain reaction initiated by a small amount of lauroyl peroxide.     

Impurity profiling of seized MDMA tablets by capillary gas chromatography

Impurity profiles of 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) tablets seized in France have been examined. The samples were extracted with methylene chloride under basic conditions and then analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. Almost 30 compounds were identified as precursors, intermediates and by-products. Palmitic and stearic acid were also found as tableting materials. The comparison of the different profiles obtained by the reported procedure provided very useful information about the synthetic processes used by clandestine laboratories and enabled a classification into several groups of profiles. According to these results, the reductive amination route appears to be the most common synthetic pathway in Western Europe. Furthermore, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone seems to be the most used precursor in clandestine laboratories.     

Supersolids versus phase separation in two-dimensional lattice bosons

We study the nature of the ground state of the two-dimensional extended boson Hubbard model on a square lattice by quantum Monte Carlo methods. We demonstrate that strong but finite on-site interaction U along with a comparable nearest-neighbor repulsion V result in a thermodynamically stable supersolid ground state for densities larger than 1/2, in contrast to fillings less than 1/2 or for very large U, where the checkerboard supersolid is unstable towards phase separation. We discuss the relevance of our results to realizations of supersolids using cold bosonic atoms in optical lattices.     

Simple method to identify the spatial location better than the pulse length with high strain accuracy

The second-order partial derivative of the Stokes signal with respect to frequency and position shows a maximum or minimum at the boundary between two different strained sections. This idea is used to locate the boundary of different stress regions. Knowing the boundaries, we then fit the Brillouin spectrum at the middle between them to get the strain value. This allows a location accuracy of between 5 and 10 cm, which is shorter than the pulse length of 20 cm used in the experiment. The lowest detectable Brillouin frequency difference between two strain sections is 1.2 MHz.