Secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation on chemical vapor deposited CeO(2-)ZrO(2)-TiO(2) thin films

Mixed CeO(2)-ZrO(2) systems have attracted widespread interest for their use in three-way catalyst (TWC) technology for automotive exhaust conversion to non-toxic products. In this work, CeO(2)-ZrO(2) thin films were deposited, via chemical vapor deposition, in order to obtain nanoscale materials with a high surface-to-volume ratio, with precise control of system properties. The addition of TiO(2) as buffer layer was also investigated. Cordierite was chosen as substrate, being the usual refractory material for catalytic mufflers. The multilayers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In particular, the combination of SIMS and XPS allowed us to investigate both surface and in-depth chemical composition, studying also film-intermixing phenomena induced by annealing processes.     

Investigación toxicológica de microcantidades de barbitúricos

Resumen Se ha estudiado la investigación cualitativa de microcantidades de barbitúricos en materiales biológicos. Se propone una técnica basada en la extracción de estos compuestos con metanol, purificación del extracto por ascenso capilarimétrico en papel de filtro y reconocimiento mediante la reacción deParri yKoppanyi. Se consideran las interferencias y las condiciones particulares del trabajo sobre vísceras, sangre y orina. El límite de identificacíon de la técnica llega a 10g y representa un método económico en cuanto a tiempo y material.

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Summary A study was made of the qualitative detection of micro amounts of barbiturates in biological materials. A procedure is suggested based on extraction of these compounds with methanol, followed by purification of the extract by ascending paper chromatography, and identification with the aid of theParri andKoppanyi reaction. The interferences and the special conditions of applying the test to viscera, blood, and urine were studied. The identification limits of the procedure is 10g. The method saves time and material.

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Zusammenfassung Der qualitative Nachweis von Mikromengen von Barbituraten in biologischem Material wurde studiert. Zu diesem Zweck wird eine Arbeitstechnik vorgeschlagen, die auf der Extraktion dieser Verbindungen mit Methanol, der nachfolgenden Reinigung des Extraktes durch aufsteigende Papierchromatographie und Identifizierung mit Hilfe der Reaktion nachParri undKoppanyi beruht. Störende Einflüsse und die besonderen Bedingungen der Anwendung der Methode auf Eingeweide, Blut und Harn wurden untersucht. Die Erfassungsgrenze des beschriebenen Verfahrens erreicht 10 g. Es ermöglicht Zeit- und Materialersparnis.

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Résumé Etude de l'identification qualitative de microquantités de barbituriques dans les milieux biologiques. A cette fin on recommande une technique opératoire qui comporte une extraction de ces composés dans le méthanol, une purification consécutive de l'extrait par chromatographie ascendante sur papier et une identification par la réaction deParri etKoppanyi. On a étudié les influences gênantes ainsi que les conditions particulières d'emploi de la méthode pour les viscères, le sang et l'urine. Sa limite de sensibilité est de 10g; elle permet d'épargner du temps et du matériel.

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Presentado al III Congreso Panamericano de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Sao Paulo, Brasil, XII, 1954.     

The oxidation of CFClCFCl and CF2CCl2

The oxidation of CFClCFCl and CF₂CCl₂ were studied at room temperature by chlorine- and oxygen-atom initiation. The chlorine-atom initiated oxidation of CFClCFCl yields CCl₂FCF(O) as the exclusive product. Its quantum yield is ～420, which gives k_3a/k_3b=210 where reactions (3a) and (3b) are The O(³P)? CFClCFCl reaction gives CClFO with a quantum yield of 0.80, polymer, and small amounts of an unidentified product which is probably cyclo-(CFCl)₃. Thereaction paths are with k_9a/k₉=0.80. The overall reaction of O(³P) with CFClCFCl proceed one fifth as fast as the O(³P)-C₂F₄ reaction. When O₂ is also present, the same free-radical chain oxidation occurs by O(³P)initiation as by chlorine-atom initiation. The chlorine-atom initiated oxidation of CF₂CCl₂ gives CF₂ClCCl(O) as the major product, with quantum yields ranging from 42 to 85. Smaller amounts of CF₂O and CCl₂O are produced in equal amounts with quantum yields of ～3.5. The reactions responsible for the products are The O(³P)-CF₂CCl₂interaction yields CF₂O and with quantum yields of 1.0 and ～0.85, respectively. In thepresence of O₂ the radical chain products are observed, but the mechanism is different than that for other chloroolefins.     

Viscosity studies of solutions of water inn-aliphatic alcohols at various temperatures

Viscosity measurements have been made at 25°C on solutions of water inn-propanol, and at 15, 25, 35, and 45°C on solutions of water inn-butanol,n-pentanol, andn-hexanol over the respective solubility ranges. For most of the systems, water decreases the viscosity of the dry alcohols, while for the lower members of the series literature data report an increase in viscosity on addition of water. These results are rationalized in terms of two kinds of interaction between water molecules and alcohols: participation of water molecules in chain formation for the lower alcohols and formation of water-centered complexes for butanol and higher alcohols.     

Observation of exotic meson production in the reaction pi- p --> eta'pi- p at 18 GeV/c

An amplitude analysis of an exclusive sample of 5765 events from the reaction pi- p-->eta'pi- p at 18 GeV/c is described. The eta'pi- production is dominated by natural parity exchange and by three partial waves: those with J(PC) = 1(-+), 2(++), and 4(++). A mass-dependent analysis of the partial-wave amplitudes indicates the production of the a2(1320) meson as well as the a4(2040) meson, observed for the first time decaying to eta'pi-. The dominant, exotic (non- qq) 1(-+) partial wave is shown to be resonant with a mass of 1.597+/-0.010(+0.045)(-0.010) GeV/c2 and a width of 0.340+/-0.040+/-0.050 GeV/c2. This exotic state, the pi1(1600), is produced with a t dependence which is different from that of the a2(1320) meson, indicating differences between the production mechanisms for the two states.     

BPM simulation of SNOM measurements of waveguide arrays induced by periodically poled BNN crystals

The simulation of light propagation using standard beam propagation techniques, in periodically inverted domains in Ba₂NaNb₅O₁₂ crystals is presented. The poled domains pattern gives rise to periodic modulation of the refractive index in the crystal, which can be observed with diffraction experiments and simulated by one-dimensional beam propagation methods. The micro-domains are characterized by Scanning Near Field Microscopy, using both transmission and collection modes. In particular, under the collection mode, micro- pictures have been obtained with unexpected high optical contrast between positive and negative domains of up to 80%. Using a beam simulation method, the results are explained considering that the ferroelectric domains operate as a periodic array of planar waveguides.