High spin d5 complexes of tris(6-hydroxymethyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine (H3L): hepta-coordinated [Mn(H3L)]Cl2 and linear trinuclear [Fe3L2](ClO4)3

Reaction of MnCl(2).4H(2)O with H(3)L (H(3)L = tris(6-hydroxymethyl-2-pyridylmethyl)amine) in methanol gives hepta-coordinated [Mn(H(3)L)]Cl(2) involving attachment of Mn(II) to all four nitrogens and three hydroxymethyl arms. Reaction of H(3)L with Fe(ClO(4))(2).6H(2)O in CH(3)CN in the presence of NaO(2)CC(6)H(5) in an attempt to make [Fe(III)OH(H(3)L)(O(2)CC(6)H(5))](ClO(4)), a putative model for soybean lipoxygenase-1, instead gave rise to the linear triiron(III) complex [Fe(3)L(2)](ClO(4))(3) with all three hydroxymethyl arms deprotonated and forming three alkoxide bridges between each Fe(III) centre. The central Fe(III) is hexa-coordinated to only the alkoxide bridges and flanked by two hepta-coordinated iron(III) centres analogous to the Mn(ii) complex. [Fe(3)L(2)](ClO(4))(3) exhibits two reversible 1e(-) reductions to mixed-valence [Fe(3)L(2)](2+) and [Fe(3)L(2)](+) forms. Structure data and magnetochemistry on [Fe(3)L(2)](ClO(4))(3) reveals the tightest Fe-O-Fe angle (87.4 degrees ) and shortest Fe...Fe distance (2.834 A) yet found for any weakly antiferromagnetically-coupled high spin alkoxide-bridged di- or triiron(iii) system and challenges current theories involved in correlating the extent/nature of magnetic interactions in such systems based on Fe-O(bridge) distances and Fe-O-Fe angles. The central hexa-alkoxide coordinated Fe(III) is novel and shows a remarkable resistance towards reduction to Fe(II).     

Rare tetranuclear mixed-valent [Mn(II)2Mn(IV)2] clusters as building blocks for extended networks

We report the synthesis of a series of mixed valence Mn(II/IV) tetranuclear clusters [Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV)(2)O(2)(heed)(2)(EtOH)(6)Br(2)]Br(2) (), [Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV)(2)O(2)(heed)(2)(H(2)O)(2)Cl(4)].2EtOH.H(2)O (.2EtOH.H(2)O), [Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV)(2)O(2)(heed)(2)(heedH(2))(2)](ClO(4))(4) (), [Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV)(2)O(2)(heed)(2)(MeCN)(2)(H(2)O)(2)(bpy)(2)](ClO(4))(4) () and [Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV)(2)O(2)(heed)(2)(bpy)(2)Br(4)].2MeOH (.2MeOH). Clusters are constructed from the tripodal ligand N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylene diamine (heedH(2)) and represent rare examples of tetranuclear Mn clusters possessing the linear trans zig-zag topology, being the first Mn(II/IV) mixed-valent clusters of this type. The molecular clusters can then be used as building blocks in tandem with the (linear) linker dicyanamide ([N(CN)(2)](-), dca(-)) for the formation of a novel extended network {[Mn(II)(2)Mn(IV)(2)O(2)(heed)(2)(H(2)O)(2)(MeOH)(2)(dca)(2)]Br(2)}(n) (), which exhibits a rare form of the 2D herring bone topology.     

New structural types and different oxidation levels in the family of Mn6-oxime single-molecule magnets

The synthesis and magnetic properties of three new members of a family of salicyaldoxime based [Mn6] single-molecule magnets possessing new structural types, core topologies and Mn oxidation state distributions are reported. The isostructural complexes [MnIII6O2(R-sao)6(X)2(EtOH)6] (R = Et, X = Br (1); R = Me, X = I (2)) exhibit single-molecule magnet behaviour with spin Hamiltonian parameters S = 12, g = 1.98 and D = -0.36 cm(-1) in both cases. The hexametallic cluster [MnIII4MnIV2O2(OMe)(4-)(Et-sao)6(MeOH)2].MeOH (3.MeOH) possesses a planar rod-like topology and a mixed valent [MnIV4MnIII2] core, which is unprecedented in this family of [Mn6] SMMs.     

Electronic and vibronic contributions to two-photon absorption in donor-acceptor-donor squaraine chromophores

Many squaraines have been observed to exhibit two-photon absorption at transition energies close to those of the lowest energy one-photon electronic transitions. Here, the electronic and vibronic contributions to these low-energy two-photon absorptions are elucidated by performing correlated quantum-chemical calculations on model chromophores that differ in their terminal donor groups (diarylaminothienyl, indolenylidenemethyl, dimethylaminopolyenyl, or 4-(dimethylamino)phenylpolyenyl). For squaraines with diarylaminothienyl and dimethylaminopolyenyl donors and for the longer examples of 4-(dimethylamino)phenylpolyenyl donors, the calculated energies of the lowest two-photon active states approach those of the lowest energy one-photon active (1B(u)) states. This is consistent with the existence of purely electronic channels for low-energy two-photon absorption (TPA) in these types of chromophores. On the other hand, for all squaraines containing indolinylidenemethyl donors, the calculations indicate that there are no low-lying electronic states of appropriate symmetry for TPA. Actually, we find that the lowest energy TPA transitions can be explained through coupling of the one-photon absorption (OPA) active 1B(u) state with b(u) vibrational modes. Through implementation of Herzberg-Teller theory, we are able to identify the vibrational modes responsible for the low-energy TPA peak and to reproduce, at least qualitatively, the experimental TPA spectra of several squaraines of this type.     

Transport in amorphous solid water films: implications for self-diffusivity

Thermal desorption spectroscopy is employed to examine transport mechanisms in structured, nanoscale films consisting of labeled amorphous solid water (ASW, H(2)(18)O, H(2)(16)O) and organic spacer layers (CCl(4), CHCl(3)) prior to ASW crystallization (T approximately 150-160 K). Self-transport is studied as a function of both the ASW layer and the organic spacer layer film thickness, and the effectiveness of these spacer layers as a bulk diffusion "barrier" is also investigated. Isothermal desorption measurements of structured films are combined with gas uptake measurements (CClF(2)H) to investigate water self-transport and changes in ASW film morphology during crystallization and annealing. CCl(4) desorption is employed as a means to investigate the effects of ASW film thickness and heating schedule on vapor-phase transport. Combined, these results demonstrate that the interlayer mixing observed near T approximately 150-160 K is inconsistent with a mechanism involving diffusion through a dense phase; rather, we propose that intermixing occurs via vapor-phase transport through an interconnected network of cracks/fractures created within the ASW film during crystallization. Consequently, the self-diffusivity of ASW prior to crystallization (T approximately 150-160 K) is significantly smaller than that expected for a "fragile" liquid, indicating that water undergoes either a glass transition or a fragile-to-strong transition at a temperature above 160 K.     

Lithium amide conjugate addition for the asymmetric synthesis of 3-aminopyrrolidines

Conjugate addition of homochiral lithium amides to methyl 4-(N-benzyl-N-allylamino)but-2-enoate, chemoselective N-deprotection and concomitant cyclisation, followed by enolate functionalisation and deprotection allows access to syn- and anti-3,4-disubstituted aminopyrrolidines in > 98% d.e. and > 98% e.e.     

Effects of surface pressure on the structure of the monolayer formed at the air/water interface by a non-ionic surfactant

The monolayer formed at an air/water interface by the synthetic non-ionic surfactant, 1,2-di-O-octadecyl-rac-glyceryl-3-(omega-methoxydodecakis (ethylene glycol)) (2C18E12) has been characterized using Langmuir trough measurements, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and neutron reflectometry. The BAM and reflectometry studies were performed at four different surface pressures (pi) in the range 15-40 mN/m. The BAM studies (which give information on the in-plane organisation of the surfactant layer) demonstrate that the 2C18E12 molecules are arranged on the water surface to form distinct, approximately circular, 5 microm diameter domains. As the surface pressure is increased these domains retain their size and shape but are made progressively more close-packed, such that the monolayer is made more or less complete at pi=40 mN/m. The neutron reflectometry measurements were made to determine the structure of the interfacial surfactant layer at pi=15, 28, 34 and 40 mN/m, providing information on the thickness of the 2C18E12 alkyl chains', head groups' and associated solvent distributions (measured along the surface normal), along with the separations between these distributions, and the effective interfacial area per molecule. Partial structure factor analyses of the reflectivity data show that the effective interfacial area occupied decreases from 217 A2 per 2C18E12 molecule at pi=15 mN/m down to 102 A2 at pi=40 mN/m. There are concomitant increases in the widths of the surfactant's alkyl chains' and head groups' distributions (modelled as Gaussians), with the former rising from 12 A (at pi=15 mN/m) up to 19 A (at pi=40 mN/m) and the latter rising from 13 A (at pi=15 mN/m) up to 24 A (at pi=40 mN/m). The compression of the monolayer is also shown to give rise to an increased surface roughness, some of which is due to the thermal roughness caused by capillary waves, but with a significant contribution also coming from the intrinsic/structural disorder in the monolayer. At all surface pressures studied, the alkyl chains and head groups of the 2C18E12 are found to exhibit a significant overlap, and this increases with increasing pi. Given the various trends noted on how the structure of the 2C18E12 monolayer changes as a function of pi, we extrapolate to consider the structure of the monolayer at pi>40 mN/m (making comparison with its single chain (CnEm) counterparts) and then relate these findings to the observations recorded on the structure and solute entrapment efficiency of 2C18E12 vesicles.     

Asymmetric synthesis of 3,4-anti- and 3,4-syn-substituted aminopyrrolidines via lithium amide conjugate addition

The diastereoselective conjugate addition of homochiral lithium amides to methyl 4-(N-allyl-N-benzylamino)but-2-enoate has been used as the key step in a simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of 3,4-substituted aminopyrrolidines. This protocol provides a complementary and stereoselective route to both anti- and syn-3-amino-4-alkylpyrrolidines as well as anti- and syn-3-hydroxy-4-aminopyrrolidines, in high de and ee viabeta-amino enolate functionalisation. This methodology has been applied to the synthesis of anti-(3S,4S)- and syn-(3R,4S)-3-methoxy-4-(N-methylamino)pyrrolidine.     

1,2,3-triazolate-bridged tetradecametallic transition metal clusters [M14(L)6O6(OMe)18X6] (M=FeIII, CrIII and VIII/IV) and related compounds: ground-state spins ranging from S=0 to S=25 and spin-enhanced magnetocaloric effect

We report the synthesis, by solvothermal methods, of the tetradecametallic cluster complexes [M14(L)6O6(OMe)18Cl6] (M=FeIII, CrIII) and [V14(L)6O6(OMe)18Cl6-xOx] (L=anion of 1,2,3-triazole or derivative). Crystal structure data are reported for the {M14} complexes [Fe14(C2H2N3)6O6(OMe)18Cl6], [Cr14(bta)6O6(OMe)18Cl6] (btaH=benzotriazole), [V14O6(Me2bta)6(OMe)18Cl6-xOx] [Me2btaH=5,6-Me2-benzotriazole; eight metal sites are VIII, the remainder are disordered between {VIII-Cl}2+ and {VIV=O}2+] and for the distorted [FeIII14O9(OH)(OMe)8(bta)7(MeOH)5(H2O)Cl8] structure that results from non-solvothermal synthetic methods, highlighting the importance of temperature regime in cluster synthesis. Magnetic studies reveal the {Fe14} complexes to have ground state electronic spins of S相似文献