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91.
We discuss both pathwise and mean-square convergence of several approximation schemes to stochastic differential equations. We then estimate the corresponding speeds of convergence, the error being either the mean square error or the error induced by the approximation on the value of the expectation of a functional of the solution. We finally give and comment on a few comparative simulation results. 相似文献
92.
In this paper, we report results dealing with the effects of stoichiometry on surface properties of GaAs(001) layers grown by MBE. Three aspects of surface properties were investigated: crystallography, electronic properties and chemical reactivity. Surface crystallography was studied mainly by LEED. The reconstruction of the surface was found to be drastically dependent on the composition of the uppermost atomic layer, i.e. the surface stoichiometry. According to the arsenic surface coverage, many structures from the c(8 × 2) Ga rich to the (1 × 1) arsenic saturated surface have been observed. The influence of stoichiometry on surface electronic properties has been studied by electron loss spectroscopy (ELS) and contact potential difference (CPD) measurements. In the electron loss spectra, two peaks, at about 10.3 and 20.2 eV are very sensitive to the surface composition: they gradually disappear when the arsenic coverage increases, and consequently are associated with surface states on gallium atoms. On the other hand, the CPD measurements have shown that the variation of the work function with the arsenic surface coverage is not monotonic: in particular, an abrupt change of work function of about 300 meV occurs between the (1 × 6) and c(2 × 8) structures which are very similar as far as the arsenic surface coverage (about 0,5 and 0,6 respectively) is concerned. Therefore, it seems that the work function is strongly dependent on the atomic reconstruction occurring at the surface, and not only on its stoichiometry. The connection between stoichiometry and chemical reactivity of the surface is illustrated by the study of H2S adsorption: a large difference (factor of 103) in sticking coefficient has been found between surfaces with different arsenic coverages. 相似文献
93.
The theoretical considerations and the experimental data to calculate the activation energy of the ethylene oligomerization using a microreactor in a differential thermal analyzer are presented. 相似文献
94.
P. Etienne T. Woignier A. Alaoui J. Phalippou 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1997,8(1-3):801-806
The mechanical behaviour of silica aerogels in alcoholic environment has been interpreted in terms of stress corrosion in
analogy with silica glass. The chemical susceptibility factor has been determined by the dynamical method and we also measured
the Weibull’s modulus which characterizes the strength distribution. These data show a stress corrosion effect which is significant
in alcoholic atmosphere. The results could explain a possible fracture of gels during the supercritical drying treatment as
already observed. 相似文献
95.
Michel Auriel Edmond De Hoffmann Philippe Scheers Etienne Deffense 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》1989,24(1):1-7
The mass spectra of some 1,3,4-substituted azetidin-2-ones are measured. Fragmentation pathways are confirmed by use of both high-resolution and mass-analysed ion kinetic energy. They are consistent with the possible [2 + 2]- cycloadditions through which the azetidin-2-ones may be synthesized. More attention has to be paid to further fragmentations of the main fragments in assessing the preferred fragmentation mode. Influence of side-chain substituents is discussed. 相似文献
96.
97.
Since the original work of Dantzig and Wolfe in 1960, the idea of decomposition has persisted as an attractive approach to large-scale linear programming. However, empirical experience reported in the literature over the years has not been encouraging enough to stimulate practical application. Recent experiments indicate that much improvement is possible through advanced implementations and careful selection of computational strategies. This paper describes such an effort based on state-of-the-art, modular linear programming software (IBM's MPSX/370). 相似文献
98.
Etienne M Grosso D Boissière C Sanchez C Walcarius A 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2005,(36):4566-4568
We provide the first electrochemical evidence of permeability changes in continuous mesoporous TiO2 thin film electrodes induced by nanocrystallisation. 相似文献
99.
M. de Murcia D. Block D. Etienne J.P. Fillard 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》1980,41(11):1247-1252
The orange luminescence at 2.15eV of As-grown ZnS0.52Se0.48crystals has been studied. The peak energy, halfwidth and Gaussian band shape exhibit a temperature dependence which is similar to that of the self-activated (SA) luminescence of ZnS at 2.66 eVand to that of ZnSe at 2.03 eV, and which can be described satisfactorily by a configurational coordinate model. However, optically detected magnetic resonance experiments at 1.8 K show that the luminescence is due to the recombination of an electron thermally released from a donor state with a hole trapped at an A-center acceptor state. The temperature dependence of the thermoluminescence spectra above 77 K and their spectral shift under additional IR exposure are also consistent with radiative recombination involving distant donor-acceptor pairs. 相似文献
100.
Yemele Bouberte M Krohn K Hussain H Dongo E Schulz B Hu Q 《Natural product research》2006,20(9):842-849
Tithoniamarin (1), a new isocoumarin dimer and a new ceramide, named tithoniamide (2a), have been isolated from Tithonia diversifolia, in addition to the known beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucopyranoside. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Preliminary studies showed that 1 has antifungal and herbicidal activities against Microbotryum violaceum and Chlorella fusca. 相似文献