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131.
Carrer C Stolz M Lewitzki E Rittmeyer C Kolbesen BO Grell E 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2006,385(8):1409-1413
Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of metal binding to proteins require the investigation of metal-free proteins, which are
often difficult to obtain. We have developed a very fast and mild method to eliminate metal ions from proteins by column chromatography
using a commercially available Ni-NTA-type stationary phase. This material, initially designed for protein purification purposes
in biotechnology, acts as a strong cation chelator when Ni2+ ions are removed. We have tested this new method with Ca-ATPase, an integral membrane protein exhibiting a strong affinity
for Ca2+. By eluting the protein over the Ni2+-free NTA gel, we could remove 95% of the total Ca2+ and obtain an essentially Ca2+-free protein. This method is efficient with only a small amount of NTA gel, and we suggest that it can be applied in general
for removal of metal ions from proteins. Moreover, as this procedure can be carried out under mild conditions, the chosen
protein kept its enzymatic activity. 相似文献
132.
Existing theoretical models of evolution focus on the relative fitness advantages of different mutants in a population while the dynamic behavior of the population size is mostly left unconsidered. We present here a generic stochastic model which combines the growth dynamics of the population and its internal evolution. Our model thereby accounts for the fact that both evolutionary and growth dynamics are based on individual reproduction events and hence are highly coupled and stochastic in nature. We exemplify our approach by studying the dilemma of cooperation in growing populations and show that genuinely stochastic events can ease the dilemma by leading to a transient but robust increase in cooperation. 相似文献
133.
In this article we are interested in interior regularity results for the solution \({\mu _ \in } \in C(\bar \Omega )\) of the Dirichlet problem where Ω is a bounded, open set and \({f_ \in } \in C(\bar \Omega )\) for all ? ∈ (0, 1). For some σ ∈ (0, 2) fixed, the operator \(\mathcal{I}_{\in}\) is explicitly given by which is an approximation of the well-known fractional Laplacian of order σ, as ? tends to zero. The purpose of this article is to understand how the interior regularity of u? evolves as ? approaches zero. We establish that u? has a modulus of continuity which depends on the modulus of f?, which becomes the expected Hölder profile for fractional problems, as ? → 0. This analysis includes the case when f? deteriorates its modulus of continuity as ? → 0.
相似文献
$$\{ _{\mu = 0in{\Omega ^c},}^{{I_ \in }(\mu ) = {f_ \in }in\Omega }$$
$${I_ \in }(\mu ,x) = \int_{{R^N}} {\frac{{[\mu (x + z) - \mu (x)]dz}}{{{ \in ^{N + \sigma }} + |z{|^{N + \sigma }}}}} ,$$
134.
Minkowski's projection bodies have evolved into Lp projection bodies and their asymmetric analogs. These all turn out to be part of a far larger class of Orlicz projection bodies. The analog of the classical Petty projection inequality is established for the new Orlicz projection bodies. 相似文献
135.
Laurens Cherchye Kristof De Witte Erwin Ooghe Ides Nicaise 《European Journal of Operational Research》2010
We present a nonparametric approach for (1) efficiency and (2) equity evaluation in education. Firstly, we use a nonparametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) model that is specially tailored to assess educational efficiency at the pupil level. The model accounts for the fact that typically minimal prior structure is available for the behavior (objectives and feasibility set) under evaluation. It allows for uncertainty in the data, while it corrects for exogenous ‘environmental’ characteristics that are specific to each pupil. Secondly, we propose two multidimensional stochastic dominance criteria as naturally complementary aggregation criteria for comparing the performance of different school types (private and public schools). While the first criterion only accounts for efficiency, the second criterion also takes equity into consideration. The model is applied for comparing private (but publicly funded) and public primary schools in Flanders. Our application finds that no school type robustly dominates another type when controlling for the school environment and taking equity into account. More generally, it demonstrates the usefulness of our nonparametric approach, which includes environmental and equity considerations, for obtaining ‘fair’ performance comparisons in the public sector context. 相似文献
136.
Erwin Hernández Dante Kalise Enrique Otárola 《Computational Optimization and Applications》2010,47(1):161-178
The aim of this work is to obtain optimal-order error estimates for the LQR (Linear-quadratic regulator) problem in a strongly
damped 1-D wave equation. We consider a finite element discretization of the system dynamics and a control law constant in
the spatial dimension, which is studied in both point and distributed case. To solve the LQR problem, we seek a feedback control
which depends on the solution of an algebraic Riccati equation. Optimal error estimates are proved in the framework of the
approximation theory for control of infinite-dimensional systems. Finally, numerical results are presented to illustrate that
the optimal rates of convergence are achieved. 相似文献
137.
138.
We study the elasticity of random fiber networks. Starting from a microscopic picture of the nonaffine deformation fields, we calculate the macroscopic elastic moduli both in a scaling theory and a self-consistent effective medium theory. By relating nonaffinity to the low-energy excitations of the network ("floppy modes"), we achieve a detailed characterization of the nonaffine deformations present in fibrous networks. 相似文献
139.
We demonstrate that protons in a liquid acquire a static polarization perpendicular to the plane of a rotating magnetic field. The rotating field was reduced adiabatically to zero, transforming the static polarization in the rotating frame to the laboratory frame. The application of a small magnetic field perpendicular to the polarization induced a free induction decay (FID) that was detected by a superconducting quantum interference device. The results agree with the predictions of the modified Bloch equations. The FID remained observable in the presence of magnetic material, suggesting that this technique may find practical applications. 相似文献
140.
The localization transition and the critical properties of the Lorentz model in three dimensions are investigated by computer simulations. We give a coherent and quantitative explanation of the dynamics in terms of continuum percolation theory and obtain an excellent matching of the critical density and exponents. Within a dynamic scaling ansatz incorporating two divergent length scales we achieve data collapse for the mean-square displacements and identify the leading corrections to scaling. We provide evidence for a divergent non-Gaussian parameter close to the transition. 相似文献