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The effect of substances as possible inhibitors of the K+(Na+)/H+ exchanger in the human red cell membrane has been tested on the (ouabain+bumetanide+EGTA)-resistant K+ influx in both physiological (HIS) and low ionic strength (LIS) solution with tracer kinetic methods. It is demonstrated that high concentrations of quinacrine (1 mM) and chloroquine (2 mM) inhibit the residual K+ influx in LIS solution to 60% and 85%, respectively, but activate it in HIS solution. Thus, chloroquine suppressed the 10-fold LIS-induced activation of the flux nearly completely. Amiloride derivatives were able to inhibit the K+ influx in both HIS and LIS solution. EIPA (75 microM) reduced the flux by about 20% and 55% in HIS and LIS solution, respectively. Newly developed drugs (HOE 642, 1 mM; HOE 694, 0.5 mM) designed to inhibit Na+/H+ exchanger isoforms showed an inhibition of the residual K+ influx of 40% and 33% in HIS and 65% and 44% in LIS solution, respectively, without haemolysis. The inhibitory effect of HOE 642 persisted in HIS (24%) and LIS (48%) solutions when Cl- was replaced by CH3SO4-. The K(+)-Cl- cotransport inhibitor DIOA (100 microM) stimulated the residual K+ influx in both solutions. It is, therefore, concluded that the K(+)-Cl- cotransporter does not contribute to the residual K+ influx both in HIS and LIS media. Okadaic acid decreased the residual K+ influx by 40% and 25% in HIS and LIS solution, respectively, showing that the residual K+ influx is affected by phosphatases like other ion transport pathways. The results show that the residual K+ influx can be decreased further by inhibiting the K+(Na+)/H+ exchanger. It remains still unclear to what extent the K+(Na+)/H+ exchanger is inhibited by the different substances used. However, the ground state membrane permeability for K+ is much smaller than assumed so far. 相似文献
75.
Alexopoulos T Arenton M Barbosa RF Barker AR Bellantoni L Bellavance A Blucher E Bock GJ Cheu E Childress S Coleman R Corcoran MD Cox B Erwin AR Ford R Glazov A Golossanov A Graham J Hamm J Hanagaki K Hsiung YB Huang H Jejer V Jensen DA Kessler R Kobrak HG Kotera K LaDue J Ledovskoy A McBride PL Monnier E Nelson KS Nguyen H Niclasen R Prasad V Qi XR Ramberg EJ Ray RE Ronquest M Santos E Shanahan P Shields J Slater W Smith D Solomey N Swallow EC Toale PA Tschirhart R Wah YW Wang J White HB 《Physical review letters》2004,93(18):181802
We present a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter |V(us)| based on new measurements of the six largest K(L) branching fractions and semileptonic form factors by the KTeV (E832) experiment at Fermilab. We find |V(us)|=0.2252+/-0.0008(KTeV)+/-0.0021(ext), where the errors are from KTeV measurements and from external sources. We also use the measured branching fractions to determine the CP violation parameter |eta(+-)|=(2.228+/-0.005(KTeV)+/-0.009(ext))x10(-3). 相似文献
76.
We study the elasticity of a two-dimensional random network of rigid rods ("Mikado model"). The essential features incorporated into the model are the anisotropic elasticity of the rods and the random geometry of the network. We show that there are three distinct scaling regimes, characterized by two distinct length scales on the elastic backbone. In addition to a critical rigidity percolation region and a homogeneously elastic regime we find a novel intermediate scaling regime, where the elasticity is dominated by bending deformations. 相似文献
77.
Alavi-Harati A Alexopoulos T Arenton M Arisaka K Barbosa RF Barker AR Barrio M Bellantoni L Bellavance A Blucher E Bock GJ Bown C Bright S Cheu E Coleman R Corcoran MD Cox B Erwin AR Escobar CO Ford R Glazov A Golossanov A Gouffon P Graham J Hamm J Hanagaki K Hsiung YB Huang H Jejer V Jensen DA Kessler R Kobrak HG Kotera K LaDue J Lai N Ledovskoy A McBride PL Monnier E Nelson KS Nguyen H Prasad V Qi XR Quinn B Ramberg EJ Ray RE Santos E Senyo K Shanahan P Shields J Slater W Solomey N Swallow EC 《Physical review letters》2003,90(14):141801
The KTeV experiment at Fermilab has isolated a total of 132 events from the rare decay K(L)-->e+ e- mu+ mu-, with an estimated background of 0.8 events. The branching ratio of this mode is determined to be [2.69+/-0.24(stat)+/-0.12(syst)]x10(-9), with a radiative cutoff of M(2)(ee mu mu)/M(2)(K)>0.95. The first measurement using this mode of the parameter alpha from the D'Ambrosio-Isidori-Portolès (DIP) model of the K(L)gamma*gamma* vertex yields a result of -1.59+/-0.37, consistent with values obtained from other decay modes. Because of the limited statistics, no sensitivity is found to the DIP parameter beta. We use this decay mode to set limits on CP and lepton violation. 相似文献
78.
Digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) is a well-known technique for measuring deformations, but it is limited in range by speckle decorrelation. We developed an adaptive interferometer with increased measurement range by combining the DSPI set-up with a pupil filter that generates optical superresolution. As a result, a decrease in the transverse speckle size is observed accompanied with a substantial increase in the longitudinal speckle size. The increase in the speckle correlation length along the optical axis allows for obtaining an out-of-plane deformation measurement over a significantly extended depth. An experimental verification of this concept of superspeckles is presented with an intensity-only LCD spatial light modulator (SLM) acting as a pupil filter. Comparison of speckle correlation fringes with and without the superresolution filter confirms the proposed concept. The present work demonstrates a doubling of the measurement range when using the superresolution interferometer. A standard set-up in which the speckle length is comparably elongated by stopping down the lens has a similar loss of intensity, but its lateral resolution is only half as good. 相似文献
79.
Eann A. Patterson Erwin Hack Philippe Brailly Richard L. Burguete Qasim Saleem Thorsten Siebert Rachel A. Tomlinson Maurice P. Whelan 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2007,45(5):550
The design and testing of a reference material for the calibration of optical systems for strain measurement is described, together with the design and testing of a standardized test material that allows the evaluation and assessment of fitness for purpose of the most sophisticated optical system for strain measurement. A classification system for the steps in the measurement process is also proposed and allows the development of a unified approach to diagnostic testing of components or sub-systems in an optical system for strain measurement based on any optical technique. The results described arise from a European study known as SPOTS whose objectives were to begin to fill the gap caused by a lack of standards. 相似文献
80.
W.C. Chen R. Erwin J.W. McIver III S. Watson C.B. Fu T.R. Gentile J.A. Borchers J.W. Lynn G.L. Jones 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2009,404(17):2663-2666
At the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR), we have applied 3He neutron spin filters (NSFs) to the instruments where 3He NSFs are advantageous, such as thermal triple-axis spectrometry, small-angle neutron scattering, and diffuse reflectometry. We present the status of our development and application of this method, including polarized gas production by spin-exchange optical pumping, magnetostatic cavities for storage of the polarized gas on the beam line, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based, on-line monitoring and reversal of the 3He polarization. We present the status of developing user-friendly interfaces incorporated into the instrument software to handle these 3He neutron spin filters while taking data and performing data analysis. Finally we discuss the status of development of a polarization capability on the multi-axis crystal spectrometer, which requires polarization analysis over a 220° angular range. 相似文献