Helfrich repulsion and dynamical phase separation of multicomponent lipid bilayers

Thermal fluctuations of surfactant bilayers in an aqueous solution produce an effective, long-range repulsion that can lead to a continuous unbinding transition. We report on an optical interferometry study of the thermal fluctuations of multicomponent bilayers close to the unbinding transition. We find that, in contrast to the case of single-component bilayers, the thermal fluctuation spectrum of multicomponent bilayers does not agree with a continuous unbinding transition but instead indicates the proximity of an unbinding tricritical point.     

Two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with a large number of vortices

We consider the condensate wave function of a rapidly rotating two-component Bose gas with an equal number of particles in each component. If the interactions between like and unlike species are very similar (as occurs for two hyperfine states of (87)Rb or (23)Na) we find that the two components contain identical rectangular vortex lattices, where the unit cell has an aspect ratio of sqrt[3], and one lattice is displaced to the center of the unit cell of the other. Our results are based on an exact evaluation of the vortex lattice energy in the large angular momentum (or quantum Hall) regime.     

Quantum-limited noise performance of a mode-locked laser diode

Low-noise operation of a 9-GHz hybridly mode-locked laser diode is demonstrated. The integrated timing jitter was 47 fs (10 Hz to 10 MHz) and 86 fs (10 Hz to 4.5 GHz), with a pulse width of 6.7 ps. The noise performance as a function of filter bandwidth and oscillator noise is also addressed.     

Self-stabilized passive, harmonically mode-locked stretched-pulse erbium fiber ring laser

We have studied a passive, harmonically mode-locked stretched-pulse erbium fiber ring laser with net positive dispersion that is self-stabilized by gain depletion and electrostriction. Periodic pulses with supermode suppression of >75 dB and picosecond jitter are achieved. The pulses are compressible to 125 fs by external chirp compensation. The repetition rate is 220 MHz, and the average power is as high as 80 mW.     

Numerical sensitivity of trajectories across conformational energy hypersurfaces from geometry optimized molecular orbital calculations: AM1, MNDO,and MINDO/3

The monocyclic β-lactam [[4(S)-methyl-2-oxo-1-azetidinyl]thia]acetic acid was studied by the semiempirical molecular orbital methods AM1, MNDO, and MINDO/3. Using the reaction coordinate option in the program MOPAC on VAX and Cray X-MP computers, the potential energy curve was calculated for rotation of the C2-N1-S-C torsional angle in the conformationally flexible side chain while optimizing all other geometrical variables in the molecule. The trajectory taken during geometry optimization was found to be sensitive to the computer, the program version, the convergence criteria, and the degree of code optimization used in the calculation. In order to reduce the likelihood of spurious results, conformational or reaction energy hypersurfaces need to be calculated with the more precise SCF convergence and minimization criteria available in programs for MINDO/3, MNDO, and AM1 calculations. The nitrogen in the model β-lactam antibiotic is predicted to invert periodically as the dihedral angle to the exocyclic N-substituent sweeps through 360°.     

Über Reaktionen mit Betainen, 16. Mitt.: Über Betaine und ihre Beziehungen zu N-Yliden Kristallstruktur von Trimethylammoniumtrifluoracetylmethylid

Monatshefte für Chemie - Chemical Monthly - The crystal structure of1 was determined by X-ray structure analysis. Some further chemical reactions are presented which are in full accord with...     

The strains and the energy in thin elastic shells of arbitrary shape for arbitrary deformation

Zusammenfassung Im ersten Teil (I) werden Formeln entwickelt, welche die kinetische und potentielle Energie dünner Schalen beliebiger Form explizit als Funktion eines beliebigen Verschiebungsfeldes ausdrücken. Dies geschieht auf rein analytische Weise ohne Zuhilfenahme geometrischer Darstellungen einzelner Schalenelemente. Von besonderem Wert für viele Anwendungen ist es, dass vollständige Freiheit in der Wahl der Flächenkoordinaten besteht.Im zweiten Teil (II) wird zunächst die Anwendung der Theorie auf zwei bekannte Beispiele gezeigt: 1. Platte in schiefwinkligen Koordinaten, 2. zylindrische Schale. Als neues Beispiel wird 3. die schraubenflächige Schale eingehend behandelt. Für einen besonderen Einspannungsfall wird die Frequenz der Grundschwingung als Funktion der Verwindung angenähert numerisch berechnet.