Dynamic phase transitions in the kinetic mixed spin-1/2 and spin-5/2 Ising model under a time-dependent oscillating magnetic field

We calculate the dynamic phase transition (DPT) temperatures and present the dynamic phase diagrams in the kinetic mixed spin-1/2 and spin-5/2 Ising model under the presence of a time-dependent oscillating external magnetic field. We employ the Glauber transition rates to construct the set of mean-field dynamic equations. The time variation of the average magnetizations and the thermal behavior of the dynamic magnetizations are investigated, extensively. The nature (continuous or discontinuous) of the transitions is characterized by studying the thermal behaviors of the dynamic magnetizations. The DPT points are obtained and the phase diagrams are presented in two different planes. Phase diagrams contain four fundamental phases and three coexistence or mixed phases, which strongly depend on interaction parameters. The phase diagrams are discussed and a comparison is made with the results of the other mixed spin Ising systems.     

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the profile of proteins extracted from Betula pendula pollens

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has high success potential in pollen protein extraction, but its effect on pollen protein profiles has not been studied yet. The aim of this study is to put forward whether HHP processing causes a change in the protein profiles extracted from pollens or not. In this study, proteins extracted from Betula pendula pollens were studied at 100, 200 and 300?MPa at room temperature for 5?min. In addition, the efficiency of three different extraction solvents, namely phosphate buffer saline (PBS) buffer pH 7.5, trichloroacetic acid–acetone and Tris–HCl buffer pH 8.8, was also observed, and the results were compared with the conventional pollen protein extraction procedure. As a result, it is concluded that 200?MPa for 5?min has extracted similar amounts of protein compared with the conventional extraction method which lasted for 24?h, which lasted for 24 h. On the other hand, the application time for 200 MPa for 5 min is extremely shorter when it is compared to the conventional extraction method.     

Amplification of Solar Energy Conversion in Quantum‐Confined CdSe‐Sensitized TiO2 Photonic Crystals by Trapping Light

Photonic effects amplifying solar energy conversion are reported in titania inverse opals sensitized with quantum‐confined CdSe films. TiO₂ inverse opals (i‐TiO₂‐o) and unstructured nanocrystalline TiO₂ (nc‐TiO₂) films are sensitized with CdSe deposited via successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) by generating Se^2? in situ under inert atmosphere, and the film absorbance is tuned by the number of SILAR cycles. Photonic effects are investigated while varying the i‐TiO₂‐o stop band position relative to CdSe films’ absorbance. i‐TiO₂‐o films with stop band at 700 and 560 nm are sensitized with CdSe having absorption edges at 600 and 650 nm thus tuning absorbance to the red and the blue of the stop band. Significant amplification in photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency is measured when CdSe films prepared via two cycles are adsorbed on i‐TiO₂‐o with a stop band at 700 nm, with a maximum average enhancement factor equal to 6.7 ± 1.6 at 640 nm, 60 nm to the blue of the stop band center, relative to nc‐TiO₂ sensitized with comparable CdSe amounts. The gain is observed over a wide frequency range to the blue of the stop band and is greatest when film absorbance was low. The photocurrent gain is not a result of differences in the rates of charge separation or charge transport, and occurs in the same frequency range where absorbance amplification is measured to the blue of the 700‐i‐TiO₂‐o stop band, and is thus attributed to slow light effects enhancing absorbance in the photonic crystal environment.     

Optimization of heat pump using fuzzy logic and genetic algorithm

Heat pumps offer economical alternatives of recovering heat from different sources for use in various industrial, commercial and residential applications. In this study, single-stage air-source vapor compression heat pump system has been optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) and fuzzy logic (FL). The necessary thermodynamic properties for optimization were calculated by FL. Thermodynamic properties obtained with FL were compared with actual results. Then, the optimum working conditions of heat pump system were determined by the GA.     

Hemi-slant Riemannian Maps

In this note, we characterize global Lipschitz Nemytskii operators in the Riesz-bounded variation space with variable exponent, and in the course of the proof, we also show that this space is a Banach algebra.

     

Conductivities and ion association constants of ferric chloride and chromic chloride in DMF and DMSO as a function of temperature

The equivalent conductivities of anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl₃) and anhydrous chromic chloride (CrCl₃) were measured in nonaqueous aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at temperatures between 278.15 and 318.15 K. In both DMF and DMSO, conductivity values for FeCl₃ were found to be higher than those for CrCl₃. In addition, the conductivity values for both FeCl₃ and CrCl₃ in DMF were higher than those in DMSO at all temperatures. The conductivity data were analyzed by the Robinson–Stokes equations. The limiting equivalent ionic conductivities for ferric ion (Fe³⁺) and chromic ion (Cr³⁺) and the ion association constants (K _A ) for FeCl₃ and CrCl₃ were determined in DMF and DMSO. The K _A values calculated for both FeCl₃ and CrCl₃ in DMF were higher than those in DMSO. This can be ascribed to an increase of the ion association constants with a decrease of the relative permittivity of solvents used in this study. The K _A values increased with the increase in temperature in the studied solvents. Thermodynamic functions (Gibbs’ free energy, entropy, and enthalpy of ion association) were estimated from the temperature dependence of the ion association constant. The positive values of entropy and enthalpy found for FeCl₃ and CrCl₃ at all temperatures indicate that the association process in DMF and DMSO is endothermic.     

Valorization and Application of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes and By-Products for Food Packaging Materials

The important roles of food packaging are food protection and preservation during processing, transportation, and storage. Food can be altered biologically, chemically, and physically if the packaging is unsuitable or mechanically damaged. Furthermore, packaging is an important marketing and communication tool to consumers. Due to the worldwide problem of environmental pollution by microplastics and the large amounts of unused food wastes and by-products from the food industry, it is important to find more environmentally friendly alternatives. Edible and functional food packaging may be a suitable alternative to reduce food waste and avoid the use of non-degradable plastics. In the present review, the production and assessment of edible food packaging from food waste as well as fruit and vegetable by-products and their applications are demonstrated. Innovative food packaging made of biopolymers and biocomposites, as well as active packaging, intelligent packaging, edible films, and coatings are covered.     

Dreidimensionale optische Tarnkappe realisiert

Tarnkappen, die Menschen unsichtbar machen, galten jahrtausendelang als unerreichbarer Mythos. Unlängst konnten wir am Karlsruhe Institute of Technology gemeinsam mit Kollegen aus London jedoch erstmals eine dreidimensionale optische Tarnkappe herstellen und deren Funktion mit Hilfe eines optischen Mikroskops direkt experimentell nachweisen.     

Asymptotics of eigenvalues for regular Sturm-Liouville problems with eigenvalue parameter in the boundary condition

In this paper we obtain asymptotic estimates of eigenvalues for regular Sturm-Liouville problems having the eigenparameter in the boundary condition. The method is based on an iterative procedure solving the associated Riccati equation and producing an asymptotic expansion of the solution in the higher powers of 1/λ1/2 as λ→∞.