Effective-Well Method for Matching and Predicting Oil Production

Decline curve analysis (DCA) is a traditional method for production prediction, which is still being used because it works in many cases and it is relatively simple to apply. However, DCA methods can neither match nor predict the fluctuating oil production during the early period when applied to entire reservoirs. The change in oil production may be because of variation in production conditions or the number of injection/production wells. In this study, we focused on the latter problem, change in the number of production wells. Obviously, there would be a significant oil production boost during a specific time period if more oil wells are drilled. The traditional DCA approach cannot match the increase in oil production due to the increase in the number of oil production wells. We have developed a method to match the oil production of entire reservoirs for the life span by considering the change in the number of production wells. The main idea of this approach came from the concept of effective wells. We applied this approach in several sandstone oil reservoirs with different permeabilities. The proposed effective-well model could match the oil production data in different reservoirs, even during the early period of production when the oil production rate change with time because of the variation in the number of producers. Comparison with the existing models (exponential, hyperbolic model, and harmonic models) was made and the results showed the proposed approach had the best fit to the production history in the cases studied.     

Mean-field approximations of fixation time distributions of evolutionary game dynamics on graphs

The mean fixation time is often not accurate for describing the timescales of fixation probabilities of evolutionary games taking place on complex networks. We simulate the game dynamics on top of complex network topologies and approximate the fixation time distributions using a mean-field approach. We assume that there are two absorbing states. Numerically, we show that the mean fixation time is sufficient in characterizing the evolutionary timescales when network structures are close to the well-mixing condition. In contrast, the mean fixation time shows large inaccuracies when networks become sparse. The approximation accuracy is determined by the network structure, and hence by the suitability of the mean-field approach. The numerical results show good agreement with the theoretical predictions.     

Exact solutions to complex Ginzburg–Landau equation

In this paper, the trial equation method and the complete discrimination system for polynomial method are applied to retrieve the exact travelling wave solutions of complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. Both the Kerr and power laws of nonlinearity are considered. All the possible exact travelling wave solutions consisting of the rational function-type solutions, solitary wave solutions, triangle function-type periodic solutions and Jacobian elliptic functions solutions are obtained, and some of them are new solutions. In addition, concrete examples are presented to ensure the existence of obtained solutions. Moreover, four types of representative solutions are depicted to present the nature of the obtained solutions.     

表面吸附K原子的多层FeSe/SrTiO3(001)薄膜的抗磁响应的原位测量

SrTiO₃（001）单晶表面上生长的单层FeSe薄膜显示出了超乎寻常的高温超导电性,其超导增强机制的一个重要因素是电子由衬底转移到了单层FeSe薄膜当中.基于此认识,研究者们在吸附了钾（K）原子的多层FeSe薄膜表面上观察到了类似超导能隙的隧穿能谱和光电子能谱.但这种自上而下的电子掺入方式在多层FeSe薄膜表面上可能引起的高温超导电性,还缺乏零电阻或迈斯纳效应等物性测量实验的直接证实.本研究利用自行研制的一台特殊的多功能扫描隧道显微镜,在生长于SrTiO₃（001）衬底上的多层FeSe薄膜表面上,不但观察到了超导能隙随K吸附量的变化,而且利用原位双线圈互感测量技术,成功地的观察到了该薄膜的抗磁响应,并由此确定了该薄膜样品呈现迈斯纳效应的超导转变温度为23.9 K.其穿透深度随温度的变化呈二次幂指数关系,表明该体系的超导序参量很可能具有S^±配对对称性.     

大承载气浮回转工作台的调心技术

为了实现大口径光学元件表面轮廓的高精度测量,提出了一种大承载气浮回转工作台的调心技术,并研制了一套具有偏心自动调整功能的测控系统。该系统主要由精密气浮回转轴、台达PLC、数显千分表和轮廓仪工作台组成。利用VC++的PLC串口通讯和偏心调整软件的控制,实现了轮廓仪的自动调心功能。     

Influence of heating load on heat transfer characteristics in micro-pin-fin arrays

Experimental investigations were carried out to explore the convective heat transfer in micro pin-fins with different aspect ratios, and the influence of heating load on Nusselt numbers in micro pin-fins with liquid water as working fluid were investigated. The mechanism of convective heat transfer in micro pin-fins at different heating load were studied by 3-D numerical investigations, and the relationships of thermal physical properties change, the end wall effect and axial thermal conduction with Nu numbers in micro pin-fins were analysed. It was found that the thickness of boundary layer was decreased as much as 33.3 % attributed to the destructive effect of thermal physical properties change, and convective heat transfer in the micro pin-fin channel was more than 20 % enhanced by the flow disturbance caused by the increase of temperature difference. The discrepancy of Nu in micro pin-fin channel with different aspect ratios reached 34.59 %, and this discrepancy was reduced by the increase of heating load. The maximum value of impact factors of dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity on the Nu in micro-pin-fins reached 25.02 and 7.68 %, respectively.     

Preliminary test results of LAr prototype detector

Liquid argon (LAr) is an attractive target for the direct detection of WIMPs. A LAr prototype detector was designed to study the technology and properties of LAr detectors. The prototype detector had an active volume containing 0.65 kg of liquid argon. A liquid nitrogen (LN) cooling system allowed the temperature fluctuation of the liquid argon to be controlled within less than 0.1 K during a one month run. In the ²²Na calibration run, the LAr prototype obtained 1.59±0.02 p.e./keV light yield for 511 keV gamma rays using a domestic-made argon purification system.     

Rational doping for zinc oxide and its influences on morphology and optical properties

Zinc oxide(ZnO) nanopowders doped with different metal ions(Me, Me = Sn4+, In3+, Mn2+, and Co2+) are prepared by a simple sol–gel method. Influences of the ion doping on morphology and optical properties of the resulting ZnxMeyO are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis absorption spectrum, and photoluminescence. The morphology of ZnO can be tailored by ion doping, which is closely related not only to the ionic radii and electronegativities of the doped ions, but also to their oxidation states and electron configurations. The optical band gap and photoluminescence of ZnO can also be modulated by ion doping, which results from a combination of different effects, Burstein–Moss, band tail, charge compensation, sp–d exchange, non-radiative recombination, and blocking barrier. This may offer us a viable approach to tuning the(optical) properties of ZnO-based materials via rational ion doping.     

Facile Assembly of 3D Binary Colloidal Crystals from Soft Microgel Spheres

It still remains a big challenge to fabricate binary colloidal crystals (binary CCs) from hard colloidal spheres, although a lot of efforts have been made. Here, for the first time, binary CCs are assembled from soft hydrogel spheres, PNIPAM microgels, instead of hard spheres. Different from hard spheres, microgel binary CCs can be facilely fabricated by simply heating binary microgel dispersions to 37 °C and then allowing them to cool back to room temperature. The formation of highly ordered structure is indicated by the appearance of an iridescent color and a sharp Bragg diffraction peak. Compared with hard sphere binary CCs, the assembly of PNIPAM microgel binary CCs is much simpler, faster and with a higher “atom” economy. The easy formation of PNIPAM microgel binary CC is attributed to the thermosensitivity and soft nature of the PNIPAM microgel spheres. In addition, PNIPAM microgel binary CCs can respond to temperature change, and their stop band can be tuned by changing the concentration of the dispersion.