Angle of incidence effects in a molecular solid

We investigate the influence of the angle of incidence on the sputter yield when bombarding molecular solid, benzene, with C₆₀. Our simulations show that at normal incidence, essentially all of the projectile energy is deposited into the substrate within ∼2.5 nm of the surface. However, at 75° incident angle, only 35% of the projectile energy is deposited within a depth of less than 1.5 nm of the surface while 65% of the projectile energy is reflected. Therefore, important aspects of the collision process which are dependent upon energy deposition, such as sputter yield, ejection depth, and molecule dissociation, may change as the incident angle changes.     

Do the Experimental Violations of Bell Inequalities Require a Non-Local Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics？

Since the data show that Bell inequalities are violated experimentally, we must conclude that any hidden variable theory （which correctly predicts experimental data ） will be non-local. But, to conclude that the experimental violations of Bell inequalities show quantum mechanics to be non-local is unjustified. Specifically, the key assumptions required to obtain a Bell inequality are （ 1 ） locality and （2） the assignment of meaningful （ non- negative） probabilities to seemingly physical correlations （Bell expresses these correlations via ＂ hidden variables＂ ）. Since the Bell inequality is violated by experiment, at least one of these assumptions is wrong. The widespread conclusion that locality must be relinquished is valid only if we retain the previously mentioned correlations （ ＂hidden variables＂ ）. We will demonstrate that the latter are not physical observables - they are not elements of physical reality.     

High-Frequency EPR Instrumentation

An overview of the most recent developments in high-frequency high-field electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) instrumentation is given. In particular, the practical choices concerning sources, detectors, resonators, propagation systems as well as magnet technology are discussed in the light of various possible applications. Examples of particular homodyne and heterodyne quasi-optic EPR systems illustrate the potential for future developments in EPR technology.     

Cosmological background solutions and cosmological backreactions

The cosmological backreaction proposal, which attempts to account for observations without a primary dark energy source in the stress-energy tensor, has been developed and discussed by means of different approaches. Here, we focus on the concept of cosmological background solutions in order to develop a framework to study different backreaction proposals.     

Relating multihadron production in hadronic and nuclear collisions

The energy-dependence of charged particle mean multiplicity and pseudorapidity density at midrapidity measured in nucleus–nucleus and (anti)proton–proton collisions are studied in the entire available energy range. The study is performed using a model, which considers the multiparticle production process according to the dissipating energy of the participants and their types, namely a combination of the constituent quark picture together with Landau relativistic hydrodynamics. The model reveals interrelations between the variables under study measured in nucleus–nucleus and nucleon–nucleon collisions. Measurements in nuclear reactions are shown to be well reproduced by the measurements in pp/[`(p)]p{\bar{\mathrm{p}}}{\mathrm{p}} interactions and the corresponding fits are presented. Different observations in other types of collisions are discussed in the framework of the proposed model. Predictions are made for measurements at the forthcoming LHC energies.     

Investigations of fission characteristics and correlation effects

We review the experimental results on the P-even and P-odd angular correlations of fission fragments in the fission of the ²³⁵U and ²³⁹Pu nuclei induced by unpolarized and polarized resonance neutrons, and on the TRI and ROT effects in the ternary and binary fission of actinides induced by polarized thermal neutrons. Also reported are the measured yields of prompt and delayed neutrons per fission event. The experimental data are analyzed within a novel theoretical framework developed by the JINR—RNC KI Collaboration, whereby the reduction of the multidimensional phase space of fission fragments to the JπK-channel space is consistently validated and the role of resonance interference in the observed correlation effects is revealed.     

Real-time detection of DNA interactions with long-period fiber-grating-based biosensor

Using an optical biosensor based on a dual-peak long-period fiber grating, we have demonstrated the detection of interactions between biomolecules in real time. Silanization of the grating surface was successfully realized for the covalent immobilization of probe DNA, which was subsequently hybridized with the complementary target DNA sequence. It is interesting to note that the DNA biosensor was reusable after being stripped off the hybridized target DNA from the grating surface, demonstrating a function of multiple usability.     

Enhancement of photoluminescence intensity from Si nanodots using Al2O3 surface passivation layer grown by atomic layer deposition

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) from Si nanodots with Al₂O₃ surface passivation layers was studied. The Si nanodots were grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition and the Al₂O₃ thin films were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD), respectively. The BOE (Buffer-Oxide-Etch) treatment resulted in the damaged surface of Si nanodots and thus caused dramatic reduction in the PL intensity. Significant enhancement of the PL intensity from Si nanodots after the deposition of Al₂O₃ thin films was observed over a wide temperature range, indicating the remarkable surface passivation effect to suppress the non-radiative recombination at the surface of Si nanodots. The results demonstrated that the Al₂O₃ surface passivation layers grown by ALD are effectually applicable to nanostructured silicon devices.     

Generating Artificial Reverberation via Genetic Algorithms for Real-Time Applications

We introduce a Virtual Studio Technology (VST) 2 audio effect plugin that performs convolution reverb using synthetic Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) generated via a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The parameters of the plugin include some of those defined under the ISO 3382-1 standard (e.g., reverberation time, early decay time, and clarity), which are used to determine the fitness values of potential RIRs so that the user has some control over the shape of the resulting RIRs. In the GA, these RIRs are initially generated via a custom Gaussian noise method, and then evolve via truncation selection, random weighted average crossover, and mutation via Gaussian multiplication in order to produce RIRs that resemble real-world, recorded ones. Binaural Room Impulse Responses (BRIRs) can also be generated by assigning two different RIRs to the left and right stereo channels. With the proposed audio effect, new RIRs that represent virtual rooms, some of which may even be impossible to replicate in the physical world, can be generated and stored. Objective evaluation of the GA shows that contradictory combinations of parameter values will produce RIRs with low fitness. Additionally, through subjective evaluation, it was determined that RIRs generated by the GA were still perceptually distinguishable from similar real-world RIRs, but the perceptual differences were reduced when longer execution times were used for generating the RIRs or the unprocessed audio signals were comprised of only speech.     

Matrix isolation study of S2O6F2 pyrolysis products: The infrared spectrum of SO3F radical

Infrared and visible absorption spectra of the low pressure heated products of S₂O₆F₂ trapped in inert gas matrices at 14 K are presented. The following have been identified as major infrared-absorbing species: SO₃F, SO₃, HSO₃F, and S₂O₆F₂, with matrix spectra of the latter three unequivocally confirming their presence. Reasonable reactions accounting for the production of these species are proposed, and a reassignment of the fundamental vibrations of monomeric HSO₃F is offered. The infrared absorptions of the SO₈F radical have been observed for the first time, and the six fundamental vibrations determined. These frequencies are in good accord with earlier values deduced indirectly by King and Warren from hot band transitions in the visible absorption spectrum of the vapor. This same visible system (${}^2\text{E}\text{-}\text{X}\text{?}{}^2\text{A}{}_2$) has also been observed here for the matrix isolated species.