Combined-modality treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia with botulinum toxin and voice therapy

A combined-modality treatment program consisting of botulinum toxin injection (Botox) and voice therapy was used to treat 17 subjects diagnosed with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADD SD). Ten subjects with ADD SD served as the control and were given Botox only. Voice therapy after Botox injection was directed toward reducing the hyperfunctional vocal behaviors, primarily glottal overpressure at voice onset and anterior-posterior squeezing. The results indicated that subjects who underwent combined-modality treatment maintained significantly higher mean airflow rates for significantly longer periods. Moreover, there was a carryover effect in these patients when they received Botox only. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia is treated most effectively when intrinsic laryngeal muscle spasms are reduced or eliminated by Botox injection and extrinsic hyperfunctional vocal behaviors are treated with voice therapy     

Electron tuning of frequency in gyrotrons

Formulas for shifts of gyrotron autooscillation frequency due to change of electron beam parameters are presented. The frequency shifts can be commensurable with the frequency band of the beam-unloaded cavity. The autooscillation frequency is most sensitive to the change of the magnetic field, less to the change of the anode voltage and least to the the change of the beam voltage. Experiments presented are in satisfactory agreement with the theory.The authors wish to thank M.I. Petelin for his interest to the present work.     

Echo planar imaging of perfluorocarbons

Emulsions of perfluorotributylamine (FTBA) and perflubron were evaluated for their utility in ¹⁹F echo planar imaging. Fluorine images of the emulsions were obtained in a phantom and two mice that had been predosed. Both agents, but particularly perflubron, show potential for fluorine echo planar studies because of the long spin-spin relaxation times of the CF₃ resonances. High resolution thin slice images obtained in as little as 26.6 ms are presented.     

Plant polysaccharides I. Polysaccharides ofLagochilus and their biological activity

Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 313–314, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.     

Photosensitized formation of singlet oxygen by vitamins of the B group

Presented at the XV IUPAC Symposium on Photochemistry, Prague, July 17–22, 1994.     

Groups of Exponent Eight are Different

The free groups of exponent eight are shown to differ from thoseof sufficiently large exponent in the nature of their finitesubgroups.     

Amplification of radiation due to the four-photon parametric process in potassium vapor

The results of the experimental investigation of the radiation amplification due to the stimulated four-photon parametric process in potassium vapor are reported. Two cells with active medium (an oscillatoramplifier system) are used in the experiments. The dominating role of IR radiation 6S → 5P (3.66 µm) in the amplification of violet radiation 5P → 4S (0.4 µm) generated due to the parametric process at two-photon excitation 4S → 6S is shown. This role is conditioned by optically pumped stimulated emission (OPSE). Optical conditions for the amplification of a seed radiation are determined in accordance with their intensity and the buffer gas (He) pressure. The problem of the image conversion from the IR to a visible one with quantum efficiency above 100% is discussed.     

Logarithmic corrections in a quantization rule. The polaron spectrum

A nonlinear integrodifferential equation that arises in polaron theory is considered. The integral nonlinearity is given by a convolution with the Coulomb potential. Radially symmetric solutions are sought. In the semiclassical limit, an equation for the self-consistent potential is found and studied. The potential has a logarithmic singularity at the origin, and also a turning point at 1. The phase shifts at these points are determined. The quantization rule that takes into account the logarithmic corrections gives a simple asymptotic formula for the polaron spectrum. Global semiclassical solutions of the original nonlinear equation are constructed.Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering; Moscow Power Institute. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 78–93, October, 1993.     

Branched chain discotics Phase structure and orientation behaviour

Studies show that branching the side chains of hexakis(acoyloxy)-benzenes (HAB) and -cyclohexanes (HAChx) does not modify the structure of the discotic mesophase formed. Shear fields appear to act on entire columns, not on individual discs, thereby causing alignment of columns in the shear direction. X-ray diffraction patterns of samples at temperatures between 30°C and 40°C above the clearing temperature provide evidence for the presence of mesophase order.