On optimality and duality for multiobjective programming problems involving generalized d-type-I and related n-set functions

In this paper we establish some optimality and duality results under generalized convexity assumptions for a multiobjective programming problem involving generalized d-type-I and related n-set functions.     

Anatomy of the shape Hessian via lie brackets

The goal of this paper is to study the anatomy of the shape Hessian for some classes of smooth shape functionals. A structure theorem gives a decomposition of the shape Hessian in three additive bilinear forms acting on the two fields: the first one acting on the normal components at the boundary, the second one being symmetrical and the third one involving a half of the Lie bracket of the pair of fields at which the shape Hessian is computed. Applications to the commutation of the mixed derivatives and the symmetry of the linear operator which appears in the structure theorem are given.     

A desingularization theorem of Néron type

Summary LetA→A′ be a regular morphism between two noetherian rings. Then for everyA-algebra of finite typeB, everyA-morphism fromB toA′ can be factorised through aB-algebra of finite typeB′ which is standard (smooth) overA and which is ?as smooth as possible? overB (i.e. except above the singular locus ofB overA). This result is a positive answer to one conjecture due to M. Artin.

---

Riassunto SiaA→A′ un omomorfismo regolare di anelli noetheriani. Si dimostra che per ogniA-algebraB di tipo finito, ogniA-omomorfismoB→A′ si può fattorizzare mediante unaB-algebraB′ di tipo finito che è liscia suA ed è ?la più liscia posibile? suB (più precisamente liscia suB meno il luogo singolare diB suA). Questo risultato è una risposta affermativa a una congettura di M. Artin.

     

Kinetics of thiophene hydrodesulfurization over a supported Mo–Co–Ni catalyst

In this study, the kinetics of thiophene (TH) hydrodesulfurization (HDS) over the Mo–Co–Ni-supported catalyst was investigated. Trimetallic catalyst was synthesized by pore volume impregnation and the metal loadings were 11.5 wt % Mo, 2 wt % Co, and 2 wt % Ni. A large surface area of 243 m²/g and a relatively large pore volume of 0.34 cm³/g for the fresh Mo–Co–Ni-supported catalyst indicate a good accessibility to the catalytic centers for the HDS reaction. The acid strength distribution of the fresh and spent catalysts, as well as for the support, was determined by thermal desorption of diethylamine (DEA) with increase in temperature from 20 to 600 °C. The weak acid centers are obtained within a temperature range between 160 and 300 °C, followed by medium acid sites up to 440 °C. The strong acid centers are revealed above 440 °C. We found a higher content of weak acid centers for fresh and spent catalysts as well as alumina as compared to medium and strong acid sites. The catalyst stability in terms of conversion as a function of time on stream in a fixed bed flow reactor was examined and almost no loss in the catalyst activity was observed. Consequently, this fact demonstrated superior activity of the Mo–Co–Ni-based catalyst for TH HDS. The activity tests by varying the temperature from 200 to 275 °C and pressure from 30 to 60 bar with various space velocities of 1–4 h^?1 were investigated. A Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was used to analyze the kinetic data and to derive activation energy and adsorption parameters for TH HDS. The effect of temperature, pressure, and liquid hourly space velocity on the TH HDS activity was studied.     

General and Efficient Insertions of Carbons Carrying Aryl and Heteroaryl Groups: Synthesis of alpha-Aryl- and alpha-Heteroaryl-Substituted Ketones

Anions formed from the lithiation of a variety of 1-(arylmethyl)- and 1-(heteroarylmethyl)benzotriazoles 1 with n-BuLi underwent addition to aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and cyclic and acyclic ketones. Subsequent in situ thermal rearrangements of the intermediates in the presence of zinc bromide provided one-carbon chain-extended or ring-expanded alpha-aryl- and alpha-heteroaryl-substituted ketones 2 in moderate to excellent yields in simple one-pot operations with excellent regioselectivity in most cases. Substituent effects on the relative migration rates were investigated in the insertion reactions of 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)benzotriazole (1e) with XC(6)H(4)COPh. The small and negative Hammett rho(+) value (-0.92) suggested that the rearrangements proceed via early, reagent-like, electron deficient transition states.     

Thermal decomposition of strontium hydroxide

The thermal behaviour of strontium hydroxide octahydrate was studied by thermal analysis, an X-ray diffraction technique and optical microscopy. Up to 210° this compound transforms to the hexahydrate and then to the monohydrate. Anhydrous strontium hydroxide crystallizes in the tetragonal system and a polymorphous transformation may occur at 480°. From 530° on it decomposes in three stages. Amorphous strontium oxide is obtained at 700°.

---

Zusammenfassung Das thermische Verhalten von Strontiumhydroxyd-Oktahydrat wurde röntgendiffraktometrisch, thermoanalytisch und durch optische Mikroskopie untersucht. Die Verbindung geht bis 210° in das Hex- und daraufhin ins Monohydrat über. Die Anhydroverbindung kristallisiert tetragonal. Bei 480° erfolgt eine polymorphe Umwandlung. Über 530° verläuft eine Dehydroxylation in drei Stufen. Amorphes Strontiumoxyd wurde bei 700° erhalten.

---

Résumé On a étudié le comportement thermique de l'hydroxyde de strontium octohydraté par analyse thermique, diffraction de rayons X et examen microscopique. Ce composé donne l'hexahydrate jusqu'à 210° puis le monohydrate. L'hydroxyde de strontium anhydre cristallise dans le système tétragonal et présente une transformation polymorphique à 480°. La déshydroxylation commence à 530° et s'effectue en 3 étapes. L'oxyde de strontium amorphe s'obtient à 700°.

---

, . 210° , . 480°. 530° . 700°.

     

Preparation and characterization of BiFeO3 ceramic

From the technological point of view, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is an attractive possibility, but the number of candidate materials is limited. One of them, BiFeO₃, has critical conditions for synthesizing single phase since the temperature stability range of the phase is very narrow. Hence, various aspects of BiFeO₃ system have to be studied.

Fine particles of BiFeO₃ are obtained using a wet chemical route (combustion technique) and compared with the same product prepared by classic solid state reaction. The sintering programs have been varied in order to investigate the mechanism reactions and to show the relation between the microstructures and the magnetoelectric behavior.

The samples are characterized by using various techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD) study is carried out for phase determination and lattice parameter calculations; scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX) and TEM to find out grain size and morphology; differential thermal analysis (DTA) to determine transformations of the starting materials. The obtained bulk materials were characterized (density, porosity, etc.) and correlated with the phase composition present in the samples. Electric and magnetic properties were evaluated.

This study underlines the role of the preparation route on the structural and morphological characteristic of the obtained materials and their influence on the magnetoelectric behavior.     

On the spectra of a Cantor measure

We analyze all orthonormal bases of exponentials on the Cantor set defined by Jorgensen and Pedersen in J. Anal. Math. 75 (1998) 185-228. A complete characterization for all maximal sets of orthogonal exponentials is obtained by establishing a one-to-one correspondence with the spectral labelings of the infinite binary tree. With the help of this characterization we obtain a sufficient condition for a spectral labeling to generate a spectrum (an orthonormal basis). This result not only provides us an easy and efficient way to construct various of new spectra for the Cantor measure but also extends many previous results in the literature. In fact, most known examples of orthonormal bases of exponentials correspond to spectral labelings satisfying this sufficient condition. We also obtain two new conditions for a labeling tree to generate a spectrum when other digits (digits not necessarily in {0,1,2,3}) are used in the base 4 expansion of integers and when bad branches are allowed in the spectral labeling. These new conditions yield new examples of spectra and in particular lead to a surprizing example which shows that a maximal set of orthogonal exponentials is not necessarily an orthonormal basis.     

q‐pseudoconvex and q‐holomorphically convex domains

In this article we prove a global result in the spirit of Basener's theorem regarding the relation between q‐pseudoconvexity and q‐holomorphic convexity: we prove that any open subset $\mathrm{\Omega }?{\mathbb{C}}^n$ with smooth boundary, strictly q‐pseudoconvex, is $(q+1)$‐holomorphically convex; moreover, assuming that Ω verifies an additional assumption, we prove that it is q‐holomorphically convex. We also prove that any open subset of ${\mathbb{C}}^n$ is n‐holomorphically convex.