全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1615篇 |
免费 | 48篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1123篇 |
晶体学 | 9篇 |
力学 | 54篇 |
数学 | 283篇 |
物理学 | 197篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 34篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 42篇 |
2013年 | 82篇 |
2012年 | 127篇 |
2011年 | 113篇 |
2010年 | 89篇 |
2009年 | 84篇 |
2008年 | 106篇 |
2007年 | 113篇 |
2006年 | 96篇 |
2005年 | 90篇 |
2004年 | 81篇 |
2003年 | 59篇 |
2002年 | 65篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 19篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 17篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 15篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 14篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有1666条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
221.
We study a multiprocessor extension of the preemptive open shop scheduling problem, where the set of processors is partitioned into processor groups. We show that the makespan minimization problem is polynomially solvable for two multiprocessor groups even if preemptions are restricted to integral times. 相似文献
222.
223.
Denis Billaud Dominique Begin Pierre Mirebeau 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2013,570(1-4):211-214
Cyclic voltammetry has been applied to study the reversibility of the oxidation of polyacetylene in sulfuric acid solutions and in lithium salts - nitromethane solutions. The intensity-potential curves indicate generally two steps of oxidation : the first one, corresponding to the doping, is reversible and is characterized by a dramatic increase of the electrical conductivity; the second one, called overoxidation, is due to the irreversible destruction of the carbon-carbon double bonds by formation of sp3 carbon atoms and is evidenced by the lowering of the conductivity. 相似文献
224.
225.
We consider a certain class of nonsymmetric Markov chains and obtain heat kernel bounds and parabolic Harnack inequalities. Using the heat kernel estimates, we establish a sufficient condition for the family of Markov chains to converge to nonsymmetric diffusions. As an application, we approximate nonsymmetric diffusions in divergence form with bounded coefficients by nonsymmetric Markov chains. This extends the results by Stroock and Zheng to the nonsymmetric divergence forms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
226.
Doubly nonnegative matrices arise naturally in many setting including Markov random fields (positively banded graphical models) and in the convergence analysis of Markov chains. In this short note, we settle a recent conjecture by C.R. Johnson et al. [Charles R. Johnson, Brian Lins, Olivia Walch, The critical exponent for continuous conventional powers of doubly nonnegative matrices, Linear Algebra Appl. 435 (9) (2011) 2175–2182] by proving that the critical exponent beyond which all continuous conventional powers of n-by-n doubly nonnegative matrices are doubly nonnegative is exactly n−2. We show that the conjecture follows immediately by applying a general characterization from the literature. We prove a stronger form of the conjecture by classifying all powers preserving doubly nonnegative matrices, and proceed to generalize the conjecture for broad classes of functions. We also provide different approaches for settling the original conjecture. 相似文献
227.
d'Espinose de Lacaillerie JB Fretigny C Massiot D 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2008,192(2):244-251
Structural disorder at the scale of two to three atomic positions around the probe nucleus results in variations of the EFG and thus in a distribution of the quadrupolar interaction. This distribution is at the origin of the lineshape tailing toward high fields which is often observed in the MAS NMR spectra of quadrupolar nuclei in disordered solids. The Czjzek model provides an analytical expression for the joint distribution of the NMR quadrupolar parameters upsilon(Q) and eta from which a lineshape can be predicted. This model is derived from the Central Limit Theorem and the statistical isotropy inherent to disorder. It is thus applicable to a wide range of materials as we have illustrated for 27Al spectra on selected examples of glasses (slag), spinels (alumina), and hydrates (cement aluminum hydrates). In particular, when relevant, the use of the Czjzek model allows a quantitative decomposition of the spectra and an accurate extraction of the second moment of the quadrupolar product. In this respect, it is important to realize that only rotational invariants such as the quadrupolar product can make sense to describe the quadrupolar interaction in disordered solids. 相似文献
228.
Antonia Youssef Anne von Koschembahr Sylvain Caillat Sebastien Corre Marie‐Dominique Galibert Thierry Douki 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2019,95(1):237-243
Exposure to solar UV is at the origin of numerous photodegradation pathways in biomolecules. Tryptophan is readily modified by UVB radiation into ring‐opened and oxidized photoproducts. One of them, 6‐formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ), has been extensively studied in the recent years because it very efficiently binds to AhR, a major factor in numerous biologic processes, such as metabolism of xenobiotics. Unfortunately, little information is available on the actual yield of FICZ upon exposure to low and biologically relevant doses of UV radiation. In the present work, we used a sensitive and specific HPLC‐tandem mass spectrometry assay to quantify a series of photoproducts induced by UVB and simulated sunlight (SSL) in solutions of tryptophan. FICZ represented only a minute amount of the photoproducts (0.02 and 0.03%, respectively). Experiments were repeated in culture medium where the yield of FICZ was also found to be very low, even when Trp was added. Last, no FICZ could be detected in cytosolic fractions of cultured cells exposed to SSL. Altogether, the present results show that FICZ is a very minor photoproduct and that it cannot be considered the only endogenous photoproduct responsible for the induction of AhR‐dependent responses in UV‐irradiated cells. 相似文献
229.
Dr. Matthew D. Shannon Dr. Theint Theint Dr. Dwaipayan Mukhopadhyay Dr. Krystyna Surewicz Prof. Witold K. Surewicz Dr. Dominique Marion Dr. Paul Schanda Prof. Christopher P. Jaroniec 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(2):311-317
Microsecond to millisecond timescale backbone dynamics of the amyloid core residues in Y145Stop human prion protein (PrP) fibrils were investigated by using 15N rotating frame (R1ρ) relaxation dispersion solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy over a wide range of spin-lock fields. Numerical simulations enabled the experimental relaxation dispersion profiles for most of the fibril core residues to be modelled by using a two-state exchange process with a common exchange rate of 1000 s−1, corresponding to protein backbone motion on the timescale of 1 ms, and an excited-state population of 2 %. We also found that the relaxation dispersion profiles for several amino acids positioned near the edges of the most structured regions of the amyloid core were better modelled by assuming somewhat higher excited-state populations (∼5–15 %) and faster exchange rate constants, corresponding to protein backbone motions on the timescale of ∼100–300 μs. The slow backbone dynamics of the core residues were evaluated in the context of the structural model of human Y145Stop PrP amyloid. 相似文献
230.
Davor Pavuna Daniel Ariosa Dominique Cloetta Claudia Cancellieri Mike Abrecht 《Pramana》2008,70(2):237-243
Since 1997 we systematically perform direct angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on in-situ grown thin (<30 nm) cuprate films. Specifically, we probe low-energy electronic structure and properties of high-T
c superconductors (HTSC) under different degrees of epitaxial (compressive vs. tensile) strain. In overdoped and underdoped
in-plane compressed (the strain is induced by the choice of substrate) ≈15 nm thin La2 − x
Sr
x
CuO4 (LSCO) films we almost double T
c to 40 K, from 20 K and 24 K, respectively. Yet the Fermi surface (FS) remains essentially two-dimensional. In contrast, ARPES
data under tensile strain exhibit the dispersion that is three-dimensional, yet T
c drastically decreases. It seems that the in-plane compressive strain tends to push the apical oxygen far away from the CuO2 plane, enhances the two-dimensional character of the dispersion and increases T
c, while the tensile strain acts in the opposite direction and the resulting dispersion is three-dimensional. We have established
the shape of the FS for both cases, and all our data are consistent with other ongoing studies, like EXAFS. As the actual
lattice of cuprates is like a ‘Napoleon-cake’, i.e. rigid CuO2 planes alternating with softer ‘reservoir’, that distort differently under strain, our data rule out all oversimplified two-dimensional
(rigid lattice) mean field models. The work is still in progress on optimized La-doped Bi-2201 films with enhanced T
c.
相似文献