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91.
This paper presents a finite element algorithm for the simulation of thermo‐hydrodynamic instabilities causing manufacturing defects in injection molding of plastic and metal powder. Mold‐filling parameters determine the flow pattern during filling, which in turn influences the quality of the final part. Insufficiently, well‐controlled operating conditions may generate inhomogeneities, empty spaces or unusable parts. An understanding of the flow behavior will enable manufacturers to reduce or even eliminate defects and improve their competitiveness. This work presents a rigorous study using numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis. The problem is modeled by the Navier–Stokes equations, the energy equation and a generalized Newtonian viscosity model. The solution algorithm is applied to a simple flow in a symmetrical gate geometry. This problem exhibits both symmetrical and non‐symmetrical solutions depending on the values taken by flow parameters. Under particular combinations of operating conditions, the flow was stable and symmetric, while some other combinations leading to large thermally induced viscosity gradients produce unstable and asymmetric flow. Based on the numerical results, a stability chart of the flow was established, identifying the boundaries between regions of stable and unstable flow in terms of the Graetz number (ratio of thermal conduction time to the convection time scale) and B, a dimensionless ratio indicating the sensitivity of viscosity to temperature changes. Sensitivities with respect to flow parameters are then computed using the continuous sensitivity equations method. We demonstrate that sensitivities are able to detect the transition between the stable and unstable flow regimes and correctly indicate how parameters should change in order to increase the stability of the flow. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
92.
Angelo Paci Dominique Guillaume Henri‐Philippe Husson 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》2001,38(5):1131-1134
Three analogs of the cytostatic drug ifosfamide incorporating 1‐methyl‐2‐chloroethyl side chains were designed and prepared as an attempt to obtain drugs of lower toxicity. 相似文献
93.
94.
Dominique Picard Karine Tribouley 《Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré (B) Probabilités et Statistiques》2002,38(6):1023
We consider here i.i.d. variables which are distributed according to a Pareto
up to some point x1 and a Pareto
(with a different parameter) after this point. This model constitutes an approximation for estimating extreme tail probabilities, especially for financial or insurance data. We estimate the parameters by maximizing the likelihood of the sample, and investigate the rates of convergence and the asymptotic laws. We find here a problem which is very close to the change point question from the point of view of limits of experiments. Especially, the rates of convergence and the limiting law obtained here are the same as in a change point framework. Simulations are giving an illustration of the quality of the procedure. 相似文献
95.
96.
Dominique Buset 《Discrete Mathematics》1983,46(3):221-226
We prove that there are exactly two connected graphs which are locally a cube: a graph on 15 vertices which is the complement of the (3×5)-grid and a graph on 24 vertices which is the 1-skeleton of a certain 4-dimensional regular polytope called the 24-cell. 相似文献
97.
Dominique Foata 《Advances in Mathematics》1979,31(3):330-349
The cofactor expression (? 1)i+j for the (i, j)-entry in the inverse of a matrix (I ? B) is proved to be equal to the corresponding entry of the series Σm≥0Bm, by using purely combinatorial methods: circuit monoid techniques and monomial rearrangements. Moreover, the identity is shown to hold in a non-commutative formal power series algebra. 相似文献
98.
The Ti-mediated reaction of Grignard reagents with nitriles was investigated with sub-stoichiometric amounts of titanium isopropoxide. Cyanoesters were converted to spirocyclopropanelactams in good yields using as low as 0.05 eq of Ti(O(i)Pr)4. Under similar conditions, cyanocarbonates led to spirocyclopropane oxazolidinones and/or aminocyclopropylcarbinols. A very short synthesis of the naturally occurring aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid illustrates the usefulness of this methodology. 相似文献
99.
Armspach D Poorters L Matt D Benmerad B Balegroune F Toupet L 《Organic & biomolecular chemistry》2005,3(14):2588-2592
1,3-Bis[bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)chloromethyl]benzene and 1,3-bis[bis(4-anisyl)chloromethyl]benzene were employed as regioselective capping reagents for the preparation of C-6A,C-6B-bridged, permethylated alpha- and beta-CD derivatives; isolated yields up to 55% of proximally capped, methylated CDs were obtained, thus opening the way to the straightforward preparation of a wide range of A,B-functionalised CDs. As revealed by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, the benzene-1,3-bis[bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl] spacer is perfectly suited for A,B-capping of beta-cyclodextrin. 相似文献
100.
Guyonvarch J Certon D Ratsimandresy L Patat F Lethiecq M 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2005,117(1):200-209
The theoretical response of a 1-3 piezocomposite plate submitted to localized electrical excitation was studied with the theory of guided waves. The theoretical modeling was based on the global matrix method, and the piezocomposite material was considered as a homogeneous medium. To validate the theoretical results, experimental displacement measurements were performed with an interferometric probe on two piezocomposite plates, one with a single element and one with an array of electrodes. The measured response on the single-element plate was mainly supported by the S0 and S3 modes of the plate. Homogenization limits of the composite in terms of frequency and wave number are defined on the basis of data from this sample. Within these limits, the piezocomposite material operates as a homogeneous medium, and comparison between theoretical and experimental results allows the equivalent electroacoustic parameters to be evaluated. A second sample was measured to study the effects of the electrode array on the electroacoustic response of the plate. Two kinds of electrical excitation were studied. 相似文献