Mass spectrometric study of MgO clusters produced by the gas aggregation technique

Gas phase (MgO) _n ⁺ and (MgO) _n Mg⁺ clusters were produced in a gas aggregation source and studied by using laser-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A MgO molecule apparently serves as the nucleus for cluster growth, to which Mg and O atoms add. The heat generated by the formation of metal-oxygen bonds, and that added to the cluster by ionization leads to the production of clusters with the stoichiometry of the stable high-temperature oxide. The abundance maxima observed in the mass spectra indicate that the clusters form compact cubic structures similar to pieces of the MgO crystal lattice. The primary fragmentation channel responsible for the observed patterns is probably the loss of MgO monomers.     

Photochemical degradation of hyaluronic acid by singlet oxygen

Changes of the rheological properties of hyaluronic acid (sodium-magnesium salt) solutions after exposure to UV radiation indicate a vigorous decrease in their viscosity, but its still strong shear rate dependence. Whereas the presence of the singlet oxygen sensitizer (anthracene-1-sulphonic acid) brings about a loss of shear dependence; the studied solutions show newtonian behavior.     

Elementary abelian p-subgroups of algebraic groups

Let be an algebraically closed field and let G be a finite-dimensional algebraic group over which is nearly simple, i.e. the connected component of the identity G ⁰ is perfect, C _G(G ⁰)=Z(G ⁰) and G ⁰/Z(G ⁰) is simple. We classify maximal elementary abelian p-subgroups of G which consist of semisimple elements, i.e. for all primes p char .Call a group quasisimple if it is perfect and is simple modulo the center. Call a subset of an algebraic group toral if it is in a torus; otherwise nontoral. For several quasisimple algebraic groups and p=2, we define complexity, and give local criteria for whether an elementary abelian 2-subgroup of G is toral.For all primes, we analyze the nontoral examples, include a classification of all the maximal elementary abelian p-groups, many of the nonmaximal ones, discuss their normalizers and fusion (i.e. how conjugacy classes of the ambient algebraic group meet the subgroup). For some cases, we give a very detailed discussion, e.g. p=3 and G of type E ₆, E ₇ and E ₈. We explain how the presence of spin up and spin down elements influences the structure of projectively elementary abelian 2-groups in Spin(2n, ). Examples of an elementary abelian group which is nontoral in one algebraic group but toral in a larger one are noted.Two subsets of a maximal torus are conjugate in G iff they are conjugate in the normalizer of the torus; this observation, with our discussion of the nontoral cases, gives a detailed guide to the possibilities for the embedding of an elementary abelian p-group in G. To give an application of our methods, we study extraspecial p-groups in E ₈( ).Dedicated to Jacques Tits for his sixtieth birthday     

Electroproduction of strangeness

Formalism for the electroproduction of strange particles based on the one photon exchange approximation and the Feynman diagrams representation of hadron current is reviewed. Different photoproduction models are compared with available photo and electroproduction data. New experiments are proposed that may resolve existing uncertainties and inconsistencies. The formation of hypernuclei via kaon electroproduction is investigated theoretically and compared with other reactions involving purely hadronic processes.     

Polyurethane cationomers. I. Structure–properties relationships

Polyurethane (PU) cationomers have been synthesized by quaternizing tertiary amine-containing linear polyurethanes using different quaternizers containing acid groups. The effect of chemical structure of PU cationomers on the physical properties was studied. The mechanical properties of PU cationomers were improved with decreasing molecular weight of poly(caprolactone) glycol, and increasing concentration of quaternary ammonium. Decreasing the carbon number in the alkyl group of the N-alkyl diethanol-amine chain-extenders, and using rigid symmetrical diisocyanates, the mechanical properties of the PU cationomers were increased. The effects of these factors on the glass transition temperature of PU cationomers were also examined. The mechanical properties of the PU cationomers decreased by immersion in water and recovered after removal of the water.     

Superselection rules in quantum theory: Part I. A new proposal for state restriction violation

It is argued that preparation of a quantum state characterized by density operator not commuting with a superselection operatorQ does not by itself constitute an instance of superselection rule violation. It would, however, be an instance of state restriction violation. It is held that superselection rule violation is only possible with simultaneous observable and state restriction violations. It is shown that it is a priori conceivable to subdivide an ensemble whose satisfies[, Q] = 0 into subensembles whose density operators violate the state restrictions. The dynamics of the subdivision process is not considered.     

Strengthening the Connection between Science,Society and Environment to Develop Future French and European Bioeconomies: Cutting-Edge Research of VAALBIO Team at UCCS

The development of the future French and European bioeconomies will involve developing new green chemical processes in which catalytic transformations are key. The VAALBIO team (valorization of alkanes and biomass) of the UCCS laboratory (Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide) are working on various catalytic processes, either developing new catalysts and/or designing the whole catalytic processes. Our research is focused on both the fundamental and applied aspects of the processes. Through this review paper, we demonstrate the main topics developed by our team focusing mostly on oxygen- and hydrogen-related processes as well as on green hydrogen production and hybrid catalysis. The social impacts of the bioeconomy are also discussed applying the concept of the institutional compass.     

Studies on crude oil‐water biphasic mixtures by low‐field NMR

Low‐field ¹H NMR was used in this work for the analysis of mixtures involving crude oils and water. CPMG experiments were performed to determine the transverse relaxation time (T₂) distribution curves, which were computed by the inverse Laplace transform of the echo decay data. The instrument's ability of quantifying water and petroleum in biphasic mixtures following different methodologies was tested. For mixtures between deionized water and petroleum, one achieved excellent results, with root mean squared error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) of 0.8% for a regression between the water content (wt %) and the relative area of the water peak in the T₂ distribution curve, or a standard deviation of 0.9% for the relationship between the water content and the relative water peak area, corrected by the relative hydrogen index of the crude. In the case of biphasic mixtures of Mn²⁺‐doped water and crude oils, the best result of RMSECV = 1.6% was achieved by using the raw magnetization decay data for a partial least squares regression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.