H-point standard addition method applied to solid-state stripping voltammetry: quantitation of lead and tin in archaeological glazes

A solid-state electrochemical application of the H-point standard addition method to the quantification of two depositable metals A and B, which produce strongly overlapped stripping peaks, is described. The method is based on the mechanical transference of mixtures of the solid sample plus a selected compound, of a reference depositable metal R, and of known amounts of a reference material containing A or B, to paraffin-impregnated graphite electrodes. After a reductive deposition step, voltammograms recorded for those modified electrodes immersed into a suitable electrolyte produce stripping peaks for the oxidation of all of the metals deposited. Measurement of the currents at selected potentials in overlapping peaks corresponding to the stripping of A and B permits the quantitation of these metals in the solid sample, while avoiding matrix effects. The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of Pb and Sn in archaeological glazes using PbCO₃ and SnO₂ as standards and ZnO as a reference material.      

Isoparametric submanifolds in two-dimensional complex space forms

We show that an isoparametric submanifold of a complex hyperbolic plane, according to the definition of Heintze, Liu and Olmos’, is an open part of a principal orbit of a polar action. We also show that there exists a non-isoparametric submanifold of the complex hyperbolic plane that is isoparametric according to the definition of Terng’s. Finally, we classify Terng-isoparametric submanifolds of two-dimensional complex space forms.     

Convergence analysis of a high-order Nyström integral-equation method for surface scattering problems

In this paper we present a convergence analysis for the Nyström method proposed in [J Comput Phys 169 (1):80–110, 2001] for the solution of the combined boundary integral equation formulations of sound-soft acoustic scattering problems in three-dimensional space. This fast and efficient scheme combines FFT techniques and a polar change of variables that cancels out the kernel singularity. We establish the stability of the algorithms in the $L^2$ norm and we derive convergence estimates in both the $L^2$ and $L^\infty $ norms. In particular, our analysis establishes theoretically the previously observed super-algebraic convergence of the method in cases in which the right-hand side is smooth.     

Residual Julia set for functions with the Ahlfors' Property

We consider two classes of functions studied by Epstein [A.L. Epstein, Towers of finite type complex analytic maps, Ph.D. thesis, City University of New York, 1993] and by Herring [M.E. Herring, An extension of the Julia–Fatou theory of iteration, Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College, London, 1994], which have the Ahlfors' Property. We prove under some conditions on the Fatou and Julia sets that the singleton buried components are dense in the Julia set for these classes of functions.     

Positron annihilation study of the vacancy clusters in ODS Fe–14Cr alloys

Abstract

Oxide dispersion strengthened Fe14Cr and Fe14CrWTi alloys produced by mechanical alloying and hot isostatic pressing were subjected to isochronal annealing up to 1400 °C, and the evolution and thermal stability of the vacancy-type defects were investigated by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). The results were compared to those from a non-oxide dispersion strengthened Fe14Cr alloy produced by following the same powder metallurgy route. The long lifetime component of the PAS revealed the existence of tridimensional vacancy clusters, or nanovoids, in all these alloys. Two recovery stages are found in the oxide dispersion strengthened alloys irrespective of the starting conditions of the samples. The first one starting at T > 750 °C is attributed to thermal shrinkage of large vacancy clusters, or voids. A strong increase in the intensity of the long lifetime after annealing at temperatures in the 800–1050 °C range indicates the development of new vacancy clusters. These defects appear to be unstable above 1050 °C, but some of them remain at temperatures as high as 1400 °C, at least for 90 min.     

Creep mechanism of gas-pressure-sintered silicon nitride polycrystals I. Macroscopic and microscopic experimental study

The creep behaviour and microstructure of two silicon nitride ceramics have been investigated. Compressive creep tests were performed at temperatures between 1450 and 1700°C at stresses between 6 and 90?MPa in an Ar atmosphere. The creep behaviour was characterized by a stress exponent lower than one for both materials, with an average value n?≈?0.6 over the whole range of stresses and temperatures, and with apparent activation energies between 470 and 530?kJ?mol^?1. The study of the microstructural evolution revealed the absence of dynamic grain growth and, in some cases, evidence of grain rearrangement. Partial coalescence of cavities was observed only at the highest stress, but this did not result in accelerated creep.     

Kinetics and mechanisms of gas‐phase elimination of 2,2‐diethoxyethyl amine and 2,2‐diethoxy‐N,N‐diethylethanamine

The gas‐phase elimination kinetics of 2,2‐diethoxyethyl amine and 2,2‐diethoxy‐N,N‐diethylethanamine (320–380 °C; 40–150 Torr) in a seasoned reaction vessel are homogeneous, unimolecular and obey a first‐order rate law. These elimination processes involve two parallel reactions. The first gives ethanol and the corresponding 2‐ethoxyethenamine. The latter compound further decomposes to ethylene, CO and the corresponding amine. The second parallel reaction produce ethane and the corresponding ethyl ester of an α‐amino acid. The following Arrhenius expressions are given as: For 2,2‐diethoxyethyl amine For 2,2‐diethoxy‐N,N‐diethylethanamine Comparative kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the overall, the parallel and the consecutive reactions lead to consider two types of mechanisms in terms of a concerted polar cyclic transition state structures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Crossing VIMP and EIS for studying heterogeneous sets of copper/bronze coins

Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and voltammetry of immobilized particles (VIMP) measurements using air-saturated mineral water and...