Graphene-based nano-patch antenna for terahertz radiation

The scattering of terahertz radiation on a graphene-based nano-patch antenna is numerically analyzed. The extinction cross section of the nano-antenna supported by silicon and silicon dioxide substrates of different thickness are calculated. Scattering resonances in the terahertz band are identified as Fabry–Perot resonances of surface plasmon polaritons supported by the graphene film. A strong tunability of the antenna resonances via electrostatic bias is numerically demonstrated, opening perspectives to design tunable graphene-based nano-antennas. These antennas are envisaged to enable wireless communications at the nanoscale.     

White,green, and yellow photoluminescence in the (CaO · Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> · SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>): Eu system

It is shown that nitrogen-laser excited (2CaO · m(Al₂O₃) · SiO₂): Eu photoluminescent phosphors obtained by direct solid-state synthesis at 1350°C emit white, green, and yellow lights when Al₂O₃ content m in the system decreases from 0.40 to 0.05. The coordinates of these colors correspond to the coordinates of light warning systems according to International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and are close to the coordinates of primary colors in the EBU and NTSC TV standards.     

(CaO · Al2O3 · SiO2): Eu phosphors for violet/ultraviolet-to-white radiation conversion

(2CaO · 0.5Al₂O₃ · 5SiO₂): Eu and (CaO · 0.2Al₂O₃ · SiO₂): Eu phosphors doped with B₂O₃ in an amount of 3 wt % are obtained by direct solid-phase synthesis at 1350°C. When excited by LED radiation with a maximum at 380 nm, these phosphors emit white light with color coordinates, which are close to those in the EBU and NTSC TV standards and fall into the field of white light corresponding to light warning systems according to the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).     

Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Spirolactones by Diastereoisomeric Differentiation of a Collective Key Precursor

A general, parallel, and collective synthesis of 5/5/5‐ and 5/5/6‐ring fusion topologies of tricyclic spiranoid lactones through the controlled cyclizations of easily accessible, common key precursors is described. The rapid composition of key cycloalkyl methylene precursors yielded an assembly of bicyclic diastereoisomeric iodolactones, which were individually converted into a wide range of tricyclic, angularly fused spiranoid lactones in a regioselective and stereodirected fashion through the diastereoisomeric differentiation of a collective key precursor. The critical stereochemical assignment of the bicyclic starting materials, as well as the tricyclic targets, was confirmed by X‐ray crystal structure determination.     

Quadrupolar solvatochromism: 4-amino-phthalimide in toluene

We present calculations of the temperature dependence of the solvent reorganization energy of 4-amino-phthalimide chromophore in quadrupolar toluene. The reorganization energy is a sum of the contributions from quadrupolar and induction solvation. We employ several calculation formalisms in order to evaluate their performance against the experiment. The point-dipole and full atomic distributions of solute charge are compared to show that the point-dipole approximation works well for this chromophore. We also show that most of the reorganization entropy comes from the quadrupolar response. Induction solvation amounts to about 10% of the entropy. Both the reorganization energy and the reorganization entropy are greatly affected by the local solute-solvent density profile (density reorganization) which contributes about half of their values. The induction reorganization energy is strongly affected by the microscopic, nonlocal nature of the density fluctuations of the solvent around the solute.     

Synthesis, molecular structure, and reactivity of the isolable silylenoid with a tricoordinate silicon

The first tricoordinate fluorosilylenoid, (t-Bu2MeSi)2SiFLi.3THF (1), was synthesized, and its X-ray molecular structure was determined. 1 was synthesized in 40% yield by a bromine-lithium exchange reaction in THF of the corresponding fluorobromosilane with t-Bu2MeSiLi. 1 is best described as an R2SiF- anion attracted to a (Li.3THF)+ cation with a small contribution of resonance structure that consists of a silylene fragment and FLi.3THF. 1 reacts as a nucleophile with MeCl, PhH2SiCl, H2O, and MeOH, as an electrophile with MeLi, and as a silylene with Li (or t-BuLi) and Na, yielding alpha-lithium and alpha-sodium silyl radicals, respectively. Either photolysis or thermolysis of 1 yields the corresponding disilene R2Si=SiR2 (R = t-Bu2MeSi), probably via dimerization of R2Si:.     

UHV STM I(V) and XPS studies of aryl diazonium molecules assembled on Si(111)

Molecular layers formed from 4-trifluoromethylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and 4-Methylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate have been assembled on H-passivated Si(111) and studied by UHV STM and XPS. STM imaging shows well-developed Si(111) step edges and terraces both on Si(111):H and Si(111) substrates covered with a molecular layer. STM I(V) data acquired at different tip-substrate separations reveals a factor of approximately 10 enhancement in current for positive bias voltage when current flows through the 4-trifluoromethyl molecule when compared to the 4-methyl variant. The observed current enhancement in I(V) can be understood by comparing the projected density of states of the two molecule-Si systems calculated using a density functional theory local density approximation after geometry optimization was performed via the conjugate gradient method. XPS data independently confirm that H-passivated Si(111) remains oxygen free for short exposures to ambient conditions and provide evidence that the molecules chemically react with the silicon surface.     

Ruthenium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Methylenecyclopropanes through CH Bond Cleavage: Scope and Mechanism

Intermolecular hydroarylation reactions of highly strained methylenecyclopropanes 2-phenylmethylenecyclopropane (1), 2,2-diphenylmethylenecyclopropane (2), methylenespiropentane (3), bicyclopropylidene (4), (dicyclopropylmethylene)cyclopropane (5), and benzhydrylidenecyclopropane (6) through C?H bond functionalization of 2-phenylpyridine (7?a) and other arenes with directing groups were studied. The reaction was very sensitive to the substitution on the methylenecyclopropanes. Although these transformations involved (cyclopropylcarbinyl)-metal intermediates, substrates 1 and 4 furnished anti-Markovnikov hydroarylation products with complete conservation of all cyclopropane rings in 11-93?% yield, whereas starting materials 3 and 5 were inert toward hydroarylation. Methylenecyclopropane 6 formed the products of formal hydroarylation reactions of the longest distal C?C bond in the methylenecyclopropane moiety in high yield, and hydrocarbon 2 afforded mixtures of hydroarylated products in low yields with a predominance of compounds that retained the cyclopropane unit. As byproducts, Diels-Alder cycloadducts and self-reorganization products were obtained in several cases from substrates 1-3 and 5. The structures of the most important new products have been unambiguously determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. On the basis of the results of hydroarylation experiments with isotopically labeled 7?a-[D(5) ], a plausible mechanistic rationale and a catalytic cycle for these unusual ruthenium-catalyzed hydroarylation reactions have been proposed. Arene-tethered ruthenium-phosphane complex 53, either isolated from the reaction mixture or independently prepared, did not show any catalytic activity.     

Thermal decomposition of pentacene oxyradicals

The energetics and kinetics of the thermal decomposition of pentacene oxyradicals were studied using a combination of ab initio electronic structure theory and energy-transfer master equation modeling. The rate coefficients of pentacene oxyradical decomposition were computed for the range of 1500-2500 K and 0.01-10 atm and found to be both temperature and pressure dependent. The computational results reveal that oxyradicals with oxygen attached to the inner rings are kinetically more stable than those with oxygen attached to the outer rings. The latter decompose to produce CO at rates comparable to those of phenoxy radical, while CO is unlikely to be produced from oxyradicals with oxygen bonded to the inner rings.     

Ion current rectification and rectification inversion in conical nanopores: a perm-selective view

Ionic transport in charged conical nanopores is known to give rise to ion current rectification. The present study shows that the rectification direction can be inverted when using electrolyte solutions at very low ionic strengths. To elucidate these phenomena, electroneutral conical nanopores containing a perm-selective region at the tip have been investigated and shown to behave like classical charged nanopores. An analytical model is proposed to account for these rectification processes.