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991.
Hiromi Shinohara Hirokazu Shibata Dieter Whrle Hiroyuki Nishide 《Macromolecular rapid communications》2005,26(6):467-470
Summary: A membrane of a cobalt tetraazaporphyrin polymer complex was prepared with a nanometer thickness and used as an oxygen‐facilitated transport membrane. Rapid and reversible oxygen binding to the cobalt tetraazaporphyrin complex with a polymeric imidazole ligand was observed at low temperature. Oxygen transport through the membrane was facilitated and a high (oxygen/nitrogen) permselectivity of 28 was obtained.
992.
Xuehao He Jürgen Nagel Dieter Lehmann Gert Heinrich 《Macromolecular theory and simulations》2005,14(5):305-311
Summary: The interface structure between two immiscible melts, a polycondensate polymer A (e.g., polycarbonate, polyester or polyamide) and a polymer B, was studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations using the bond fluctuation model. Polymer B contained a reactive end group (e.g., OH, NH2 or COOH). Copolymers were generated in‐situ at the interfaces by transreactions (alcoholysis, aminolysis or acidolysis), composing of various length of block A, depending on the position of transreaction in the polycondensate chain A. The content of copolymer at the interface increased with the time, particular fast at the early stage. Fragments of polymers A were released with an end group, reactive to polymers A. This resulted in the proceeding of internal transreactions. An asymmetric interface structure was formed. The simulation also showed that copolymers generated by interfacial transreactions increased the compatibility of the two polymers and enhanced the adhesion strength at the interfaces.
993.
This paper provides definitions for the evolutionary stability of sets of strategies based on simple fitness comparisons in the spirit of the definition of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) by Taylor and Jonker (1978). It compares these with the set-valued notions of Thomas (1985d) and Swinkels (1992). Provided
only that the fitness function is analytic, our approach yields an alternative characterization of Thomas' evolutionarily stable sets (ES Sets) which does not rely on the structure or topology of the underlying strategy space. Moreover, these sets are shown to have
a very special geometric structure and to be finite in number. For bimatrix games ES Sets are shown to be more uniformly robust
against mutations than apparent from the definition and hence to be equilibrium evolutionarily stable sets in the sense of Swinkels (1992).
Received November 1995/Final version December 2000 相似文献
994.
Henrik Birkedal Dieter Schwarzenbach Philip Pattison 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2001,57(8):975-977
The crystal structure of the neuroactive artificial dipeptide N‐benzyloxycarbonylprolyl‐d ‐leucine, C19H26N2O5, was solved using synchrotron radiation data collected on a very small crystal (20 × 20 × 380 μm). The molecules form hydrogen‐bonded 21 helices. The acid carbonyl group does not participate in strong hydrogen bonds. This is interpreted as a consequence of close‐packing requirements. 相似文献
995.
Lensless Fourier holography for digital holographic interferometry on biological samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dieter Dirksen H. Droste B. Kemper H. Deler M. Deiwick H. H. Scheld G. von Bally 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2001,36(3)
Digital holography as a tool for highly sensitive, interferometric non-destructive testing has several advantages compared to holographic measurements based on conventional storage media like an all-digital processing and a direct access to the phase of the object wave. Experimental results of interferometric investigations of heart valve bio-prostheses with a setup for lensless Fourier holography are presented which demonstrate that this technique is applicable to such biological samples with their wet and unstable surfaces. Limitations on size and resolution of the reconstructed object caused by the properties of the CCD sensor are discussed. 相似文献
996.
Alexander Sandvoß Henning Maag Constantin G. Daniliuc Dieter Schollmeyer Johannes M. Wahl 《Chemical science》2022,13(21):6297
Identification of an electron poor trifluoroacetophenone allows the formation of uniquely stable hemiketals from prochiral oxetanols. When exposed to a cobalt(ii) catalyst, efficient ring-opening to densely functionalized dioxolanes is observed. Mechanistic studies suggest an unprecedented redox process between the cobalt(ii) catalyst and the hemiketal that initiates the oxetane-opening. Based on this observation, a dynamic kinetic resolution of the transient hemiketals is explored that uses a Katsuki-type ligand for stereoinduction (up to 99 : 1 dr and 96 : 4 er) and allows a variety of 1,3-dioxolanes to be accessed (20 examples up to 98% yield).Desymmetrization of prochiral oxetanols via an electron-deficient hemiketal intermediate is achieved. Key to this process is the catalyst''s chiral recognition of one of the two hemiketal enantiomers enabling an efficient dynamic kinetic resolution. 相似文献
997.
ABSTRACTThe Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase catalysed Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate is one of the few pericyclic processes in biology, and as such provides a rare opportunity for understanding how Nature promotes such rearrangements so successfully. The major focus of this work is on (i) Exploring the hypothesis that the mechanism of the chorismate rearrangement is the same in the gas phase, in the aqueous solution and in the enzyme; (ii) Investigating current suggestions that the enzyme lowers the barrier via transition state stabilisation rather than via space confinement; and (iii) A comparison of Nature's way of catalysing the reaction with a gold(I) catalysed chorismate rearrangement. Based the Unified Reaction Valley Approach (URVA), for the first time, a detailed one-to-one comparison of the rearrangement in the gas phase, in the aqueous solution and in the enzyme is presented. URVA confirms that the actual chemical process of CO bond breaking and CC bond forming is the same for all media and unravels the unique catalytic function of the enzyme as a combination of shortening the process of positioning the enolpyruvyl side chain over the cyclohexadienyl ring by space confinement in concert with facilitating CO cleavage by enhanced charge polarisation. The transition state does not play a signifiant role for the rearrangement. In contrast, the gold catalyst changes the chemical process. The rearrangement is split into two steps by switching between Au[I]-π and Au[I]-σ complexation, thus avoiding the energy consuming CO breakage in the first step. Suggestions are made for metalloenzyme analogues combining both strategies. 相似文献
998.
Adsorption - 2H solid-state NMR represents a reliable method for probing the dynamics of the molecules in confined geometries, including microporous and mesoporous materials such as zeolites or... 相似文献
999.
1000.