Linear-sweep voltammetric studies on iron in aqueous sulphate electrolytes between 20 and 200°C

Potentiostatic polarisation studies have been made on iron in 10% Na₂SO₄ at sweep rates of 0.3–30 mV s^?1 and at temperatures of 20–200°C using a platinum-platinum oxide reference electrode. The sweeps showed characteristic features of anodic dissolution and passivation. Oxide removal was evident on the cathodic sweeps. As noted by previous workers two anodic dissolution peaks were observed with clean electrode surfaces, but only one occurred when the surface was covered with oxide. The number of dissolution peaks was also found to depend on sweep rate. In contrast to other work which suggested that there was no passive region above 95°C, passivation was shown to occur even at 200°C.     

Video disc mastering and replication

The mastering and replication of video discs is described. Mastering involves exposing a photoresist-coated plate to a focused, modulated laser beam. After development, a layer of nickel is grown on the photoresist surface. The nickel layer forms a negative copy of the master plate. This nickel copy may then be used to emboss into plastic sheet a positive replica of the original master. This paper emphasizes the critical parameters involved in the process.     

Differential sample charging in ESCA

An ESCA study of some “intermediate” conductors demonstrates a differential charging effect when the sample block is biased. The variation of the intensity and width of the peak from silver 3d electrons in silver iodide is used to show how the flux of the beam, the conductivity of the sample, the size and polarity of the bias and the grid mounting alter the effect. The results suggest that in unbiased samples differential sample charging contributes significantly to the width of peaks.     

The decomposition of formic acid on Ru(101̄0)

The decomposition of formic acid was studied on a clean Ru(101̄0) surface adsorption temperature between 100 and 460 K by means of flash thermal desorption. The decomposition products observed were H₂, CO₂, H₂O and CO. HCOOH itself was also desorbed, although at low exposures no formic acid was observed. The H₂ and CO₂ products were desorbed in identical first order peaks, with a peak temperature of 395 K. The H₂O product desorbed in a second order peak at 813 K, in contrast to H₂O desorption from low coverage H₂O adsorption which occurs in two peaks in the region of 220 and 265 K. The CO product desorbed in a first order peak at 488 K, identical to CO from CO adsorption. The dependence of the product peaks on adsorption temperature of the Ru surface was also studied. These results suggest a model involving the formation and decomposition of a surface intermediate species.     

Differential sample charging in ESCA

An ESCA study of some “intermediate” conductors demonstrates a differential charging effect when the sample block is biased. The variation of the intensity and width of the peak from silver 3d electrons in silver iodide is used to show how the flux of the beam, the conductivity of the sample, the size and polarity of the bias and the grid mounting alter the effect. The results suggest that in unbiased samples differential sample charging contributes significantly to the width of peaks.     

Re-examination of the scaling roughness function for κ-type rough walls using a servo-controlled wall drag balance

Conclusion The authors would like to underline errors in the mean velocity measurements in previous paper (Pineau et al. 1987). The direct drag measurements and Reynolds stress data were confirmed, and the new mean velocity profiles, in conjunction with the drag data resulted in exactly the same roughness scaling function as proposed by Perry and Joubert (1963) for the same k-type roughness.     

HEAT-SET WHEY PROTEIN EMULSION GELS: ROLE OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE FILLER PARTICLES

Viscoelastic properties of heat-set whey protein emulsion gels containing active filler (protein-covered droplets) and inactive filler (surfactant-covered droplets) have been investigated at small and large deformations using a controlled stress rheometer. Data are reported as a function of protein concentration, oil volume fraction, and average emulsion droplet size. The active filler enhances the gel strength, whereas the inactive filler reduces the gel strength. The higher the elastic modulus of the protein gel matrix, the less the effect of the active filler, but the greater the effect of the inactive filler (and vice versa). Higher oil volume fraction and reduced particle size both intensify the effect of the filler. The large deformation behaviour of a heat-set protein gel or a heat-set emulsion gel containing up to 20 vol% oil is entropic in character, whereas an emulsion gel of higher filler content behaves more like a typical enthalpic particle gel.