Akkommodationskoeffizienten von Edelgasen an Pt im Temperaturbereich von 80 K bis 450 K

Zusammenfassung Die Akkommodationskoeffizienten von He, Ne und Ar wurden von 80 K bis 450 K, die von Kr und Xe von 250 K bis 450 K an gasbedeckten und teilweise gereinigten Pt-Oberflächen gemessen. Zur Anwendung kam die stationäre Hitzdrahtmethode bei sehr niedrigen Drucken.Der Fehler in den Bestimmungen an der gasbedeckten Oberfläche wird auf 2–3% geschätzt. Die Messungen an der teilweise gereinigten Oberfläche wurden extrapoliert aus dem zeitlichen Anstieg des Akkommodationskoeffizienten nach einer Aufheizung des Hitzdrahtes auf 900 K. Diese Ergebnisse sind mit einem wesentlich höheren Fehler behaftet.

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Accommodation coefficients of noble gases on Pt-surfaces from 80 K up to 450 K

Accommodation coefficients of He, Ne and Ar have been measured from 80 K up to 450 K, those of Kr and Xe from 250 K up to 450 K on gas covered and partially cleaned Pt-surfaces by the stationary hot wire method at very low pressures.The error of determinations on gas covered surfaces is estimated to be about 2 or 3%. The measurements on partially cleaned surfaces were extrapolated from the increase of the accommodation coefficient with time after a heating of the Pt-wire up to 900 K. In this case the error will be considerably higher.

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Bezeichnungen A Apparaturkonstante - a_i Konstante - C_v Molwärme bei konstantem Volumen - F Oberfläche des Meßdrahtes aus Pt - f_i Druckexpansionsfaktor - g (T) Korrekturfunktion, die die thermomolekulare Druck-differenz in verschieden temperierten Teilen des Versuchsraumes berücksichtigt - I Heizstrom im Pt-Draht - l Länge des Pt-Drahtes - M Molmasse - p Druck - q_D vom Pt-Draht durch Drahtwärmeleitung abgeführte Leistung - q_E dem Pt-Draht zugeführte elektrische Leistung - q_G vom Pt-Draht durch Gaswärmeleitung abgeführte Leistung - q_s vom Pt-Draht durch Strahlung abgeführte Leistung - R allgemeine Gaskonstante - R_i Widerstand des Pt-Drahtes - r Radius des Pt-Drahtes - T Gastemperatur - t₀ Raumtemperatur - T Differenz der Temperatur des Meßdrahtes und der Gas-temperatur - t Zeit - t_A charakteristische Adsorptionszeit - V_i Volumina - z Koordinate in Längsrichtung des Pt-Drahtes - Akkommodationskoeffizient (AK) - ₀ AK der teilweise gereinigten Pt-Oberfläche - _G AK der gasbedeckten Pt-Oberfläche - mittlere freie Weglänge - _Pt Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Pt     

PDMS free-flow electrophoresis chips with integrated partitioning bars for bubble segregation

In this work, a microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis device with a novel approach for preventing gas bubbles from entering the separation area is presented. This is achieved by integrating partitioning bars to reduce the channel depth between electrode channels and separation chamber in order to obtain electrical contact and simultaneously prevent bubbles from entering the separation area. The three-layer sandwich chip features a reusable carrier plate with integrated ports for fluidic connection combined with a softlithographically cast microfluidic PDMS layer and a sealing glass slide. This design allows for a straightforward and rapid chip prototyping process. The performance of the device is demonstrated by free-flow zone electrophoretic separations of fluorescent dye mixtures as well as by the separation of labeled amines and amino acids with separation voltages up to 297 V.     

Rapid identification and semi-quantitative determination of polymer additives by desorption electrospray ionization/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

A fast and simple method for the direct qualitative and semi-quantitative determination of a set of four polymer additives in plastic samples by desorption electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (DESI-TOF-MS) is presented. After evaluation of crucial DESI parameters such as composition of spray solutions and spray voltages, a series of lab-made polypropylene samples containing Chimassorb 81 (2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone), Tinuvin 328 (2-(2-hydroxy-3, 5-ditert-pentylphenyl)-benzotriazole), Tinuvin 326 (2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chloro benzotriazole), and Tinuvin 770 (bis(2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebaceate) in concentrations between 0.02% and 0.2% were analyzed, resulting in calibration graphs with R ² better than 0.994. To demonstrate the applicability of the developed method for the investigation of real samples, liners for in-ground swimming pools and polypropylene granules were analyzed with respect to their content in the selected polymer additives. Two alternative methods, both well established in the fields of polymer additive analysis, namely HPLC with UV detection (after previous extraction) and thermodesorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have been employed for evaluation of the results from the DESI experiments.     

LC-MS based quantification of 2'-ribosylated nucleosides Ar(p) and Gr(p) in tRNA

RNA nucleosides are often naturally modified into complex non-canonical structures with key biological functions. Here we report LC-MS quantification of the Ar(p) and Gr(p) 2'-ribosylated nucleosides in tRNA using deuterium labelled standards, and the first detection of Gr(p) in complex fungi.     

Hexaphenylbenzene-based polymers of intrinsic microporosity

Microporous polymers derived from the 1,2- and 1,4-regioisomers of di(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)tetraphenylbenzene have very different properties with the former being composed predominantly of cyclic oligomers whereas the latter is of high molar mass suitable for the formation of robust solvent-cast films of high gas permeability.     

MAFF — The Munich accelerator for fission fragments

At the new high flux reactor FRM-II in Munich the accelerator MAFF (Munich accelerator for fission fragments) is under design. In the high neutron flux of 10¹⁴ n/cm² s up to 10¹⁴ neutron-rich fission fragments per second are produced in the 1 g U-235 target. Ions with an energy of 30 keV are extracted from the ion source. In the mass separator two isotopes can be selected. One of the beams is used for low energy experiments, the other one is injected into an ECRIS (or EBIS) for charge breeding to a q/A≥0.16. A gas filled RFQ cooler is used for emittance improvement. The subsequent LINAC delivers beams with an energy ranging from 3.7 MeV/u to 5.9 MeV/u. New IH structures are being developed at the Munich tandem laboratory. A small storage ring is planned in a further stage to recycle the fission fragments. A thin target foil can be placed into this ring, e.g., for synthesis of super-heavy elements. The through-going beam tube has been installed in the heavy water tank of the reactor. Tests of the target ion source in a special oven to test long term stability and safety tests were in progress.