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101.
102.
We have evaluated the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) as a technique for rapid analysis of lactate in whole blood. To test the NIRS technique, a comparison was made with a standard clinical method using whole blood samples taken from five exercising human subjects at three different stage of exercise. To expand lactate concentration within the physiological range, standard additions method was used to generate 45 unique data points. Spectra were collected over the 2050-2400 nm spectral range with a 1 mm optical path length quartz cell. Reference lactate concentrations in the samples were determined by enzymatic measurements. Estimates and calibration of the lactate concentration with NIRS was made using partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-N-out cross validation on second derivative spectra. Separate calibrations were determined from each of the subject samples and cumulative PRESS was used to determine the number of PLS factors in the final model. The results from the PLS model presented are generated from the five individual calibration coefficient vectors and provided a correlation coefficient of 0.978 and a standard error of cross validation of 0.65 mmol l−1 between the enzymatic assay and the NIRS technique. To study the parameters that impact the spectra baseline and the correlation between the calculated model and the data, referenced measurements of lactate against baseline spectrum were made for each individual. A correlation coefficient of 0.992 and a standard error of cross validation of 0.21 mmol l−1 were found. The results suggest that NIRS may provide a valuable tool to assess physiological status for both research and clinical needs. 相似文献
103.
Acylation of substituted 4-(furyl-2)-4-arylaminobut-1-enes with maleic anhydride provided 2-allyl-6-carboxy-4-oxo-3-aza-10-oxatricyclo[5.2.1.01,5]dec-8-enes in high yield under mild reaction conditions. The Diels-Alder adducts are formed via an initial amide formation followed by a stereoselective intramolecular [4+2] exo-cycloaddition reaction. Treatment of the tricyclic compounds with phosphoric acid at high temperatures (70-120 °C) promoted cyclic ether opening, intramolecular cyclization and aromatization to give the corresponding tetracyclic compounds, 5,6,6a,11-tetrahydro-10-carboxyisoindolo[2,1-a]quinolines, in moderate yields. The influence of the acid and the reaction temperature on the cyclization reactions are also discussed. 相似文献
104.
Yu. A. Borisov 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1982,31(10):2117-2118
Conclusions The bond polarity, determined as the ionic component fraction of the bond energy, is related in a linear manner to the Pauling polarity value.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No, 10, pp. 2401–2402, October, 1982.The author thanks I. V. Stankevich for discussing the work. 相似文献
105.
Summary Thallium trichloride exchanges two of its halogen atoms only for a radical that possesses a trans-configuratlon in cis-trans compounds, or for a radical that experiences electrophilic attack by the hydrogen ion in the decomposition of RHgR' by hydrochloric acid. 相似文献
106.
Various enantiopure fluorous bis(oxazolines) with fluorine content between 52.7 and 58.7% have been synthesized by a simple reaction sequence that involved the introduction of two fluorinated ponytails by alkylation of the corresponding nonfluorous bis(oxazolines). These new ligands have been used in palladium-catalyzed alkylation of rac-(E)-1,3-diphenylpropenyl acetate with carbon nucleophiles and in copper-catalyzed oxidation of cycloalkenes; these ligands exhibited enantioselectivities up to 98 and 77%, respectively, quite close to the values obtained using the analogous nonfluorous bis(oxazolines). These ligands could be easily recovered by liquid-liquid extraction or solid-liquid separation and reused with the same enantioselectivities. 相似文献
107.
A novel terminal hydroxide containing dinuclear alumoxane LAl(OH)OAlL(OCH=N-tBu) (3; L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) was prepared by treatment of aluminum dihydride LAlH2 (1) and tert-butyl isocyanate in the presence of trace amounts of water and alternatively from 1 and LAlH(OCH=N-tBu) (2) with water. Compound 2 was obtained from the reaction of 1 and tert-butyl isocyanate. 相似文献
108.
G. M. Beladidze S. I. Bityukov G. V. Borisov Yu. P. Gouz R. I. Dzhelyadin Yu. M. Ivanyushenkov A. N. Karyukhin I. A. Kachaev G. A. Klyuchnikov V. F. Konstantinov M. E. Kostrikov V. V. Kostyukhin A. A. Kriushin Yu. A. Khoklov V. V. Lapin T. A. Lomtadze V. D. Matveyev V. A. Medovikov V. F. Obraztsov A. P. Ostankov D. I. Ryabchikov V. K. Semenov E. A. Starchenko N. A. Shalanda E. G. Tskhadadze N. K. Vishnevsky E. V. Vlasov V. I. Yakimschuk A. M. Zaitsev S. A. Zimin 《Zeitschrift fur Physik C Particles and Fields》1992,54(2):235-238
The reaction
–
C
–
C has been studied at 36 GeV/c. A clear signal for the decaya
2
–
(1320)
–
· is observed in the
–
mass spectrum. The measured ratio of branchings is BR (a
2
–
–
)/BR(a
2
–
–
);(3.4±0.8±0.5)·10–2. 相似文献
109.
J. Barcicki A. Denis W. Grzegorczyk D. Nazimek T. Borowiecki 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1976,5(4):471-478
The influence of additives (Cu, Fe and Al2O3) on the textural and catalytic properties of nickel in steam reforming of methane is described. The effects of structural promoting by Al2O3 and of electronic promoting by copper are reported. The rate of steam reforming of methane was measured in a gradientless reactor at atmospheric pressure.
(Cu, Fe Al2O3) . Al2O3 . .相似文献
110.
P. A. Stabnikov I. A. Baidina G. I. Zharkova I. K. Igumenov S. V. Borisov 《Journal of Structural Chemistry》2000,41(1):106-115
This paper reports on the synthesis and crystal structure analysis of palladium(II) bis-(trans-benzoyltrifluoroacetonate). Crystal data for PdO4C20F6H12:a= 4.748, b = 22.237, c = 9.410 Å, P = 105.44° Z = 2, space group P21/c, dcalc. = 1.86 g/cm . CAD-4 diffmctometer(MoKa), heavy atom method, R = 0.041 for 986 reflections. The structure is molecular; the planar molecules are stacked. The Pd atom is surrounded by a square of four O atoms (Pd?O = 1.97 Å, chelate angle 94.4°); Pd is involved in additional intemctions with the Cγ atoms of two neighboring molecules (Pd...Cγ= 3.44 Å). The molecular structure of palladium β-diketonate complexes, molecular packing in crystal, and intermolecular intemctions are considered. The van der Waals energies of the crystal lattice are calculated. The results are compared with the experimental values. In the structures of palladium( 11) β-diketonates, three groups of crystals are isolated: one group with 2 nearest-neighbor interactions (stacks), the second with 4 nearest-neighbor interactions (two-dimensional nets), and the third with 1 nearest-neighbor interaction (dimers). The latter are characteristic of the cis-complexes. The intemctions with 10–12 nearest neighbor molecules determine the energetics of the whole crystal. The high volatility of Pd(hfa)2 is explained by the weaker intermolecular contacts between stacks in crystal. 相似文献