A Multi‐Thresholding Algorithm for Sizing out of Focus Particles

A methodology is presented that enables efficient acquisition of sufficient droplet information (e.g. diameter and aspect ratio) from images of in and out of focus droplets. The newly developed multi‐threshold algorithm is successfully implemented in the automatic particle/droplet image analysis (PDIA) system. Under the same optical hardware set‐up, and compared to the dual threshold methods [1], the multi‐threshold method increases the measurable/acceptable depth of field (DoF) of particles, especially for the small particles of diameters less than 50 μm (1098 pixels in this optical set‐up). When testing the 70 μm~110 μm and 100 μm~200 μm moving glass spheres, the dual threshold method can only detect 11%~29 % of the particles found by the multi‐threshold method. The multi‐threshold method is also capable of generating the aspect ratios of particles more accurately than dual threshold methods.     

Ag2S/Ag2WO4微米棒的声化学合成、表征及其高光催化性能

TiO2作为一种光催化剂广泛应用于各种污染物的降解.但是它较大的宽禁带(~3.2 eV)导致其很难吸收可见光,因此寻找窄禁带的具有可见光响应的半导体光催化剂成为近年来光催化研究的热点.在众多窄禁带光催化剂中,纯 Ag2S在降解污染物方面并不出色,但是作为一种窄禁带的直接带隙半导体,它在加快电子迁移和提高光量子效率方面表现出色.目前有许多高催化活性的 Ag2S异质结复合半导体光催化剂的报道,如 Ag2Mo3O10-Ag2S, TiO2-Ag2S, ZnS-Ag2S和NiO-Ag2S等. Ag2WO4是一种具有新颖物理化学性质的半导体材料,在催化、传感器、抗菌和光致发光等方面有着广泛应用.但是, Ag2WO4的理论带隙较宽,约为3.5 eV,而且光照下Ag2WO4很容易产生光化学腐蚀而分解出单质银,作为光催化剂存在太阳光利用率低和稳定性较差等缺点.声化学是一种特殊纳米材料的合成方法.它主要是利用超声空化产生特殊的物理化学环境来强化化学键的生成,同时实现半导体从无定形态到固定晶型转变.本文采用超声辅助共沉淀法制备了长为0.2?1μm、直径为20?30 nm的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4微米棒复合光催化剂.利用 X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附、扫描电镜、透射电镜、光电子能谱、光致发光谱(PL)和紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)和光电流等手段对所制 Ag2S, Ag2WO4和 Ag2S/Ag2WO4进行了表征.结果表明,合成的样品比表面积较小(2.7?3.6 m2/g). UV-vis DRS测试表明,声化学处理能有效拓宽 Ag2S/Ag2WO4在可见光区的吸收范围,提高其可见光响应性能.另外, PL和光电流测试结果证实,在声化学制备的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4体系中,光生电子(e?)-空穴(h+)的复合过程被极大地限制,具有较高的 e?-h+分离效率.以金卤灯为光源进行了光催化降解染料亚甲基蓝的性能测试.结果表明,声化学合成的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4的反应速率常数(0.150 min?1)分别为单纯 Ag2WO4(0.031 min?1)和 Ag2S (0.004 min?1)的4.7和29.8倍.自由基捕获实验表明,在 Ag2S/Ag2WO4光催化降解甲基橙过程中主要的活性物种为超氧自由基(?O2?)和光生空穴(h+).此外,声化学合成的 Ag2S/Ag2WO4表现出很好的光催化稳定性.循环使用3次后,该样品对亚甲基蓝的光催化活性仍高达80.4%,而纯 Ag2WO4几乎完全失活. Ag2S/Ag2WO4具有很高的光催化活性的原因,一方面是声化学处理提高了催化剂的结晶度,同时生成了独特的棒状结构;另一方面是在超声作用下, Ag2S和 Ag2WO4两相紧密接触形成异质结,促进了可见光的吸收和光生 e?与 h+的分离.     

Some A Posteriori Error Estimates of the Finite-Difference Streamline-Diffusion Method for Convection-Dominated Diffusion Equations

In this paper, some a posteriori error estimates of the finite-difference streamline-diffusion method for one- and two-dimensional time-dependent convection-dominated diffusion equations are presented, which can be used to reasonably adjust space mesh. Numerical results show that this method of local refinement is feasible and effective.     

A coupling of FEM-BEM for a kind of Signorini contact problem

In this paper, we consider a kind of coupled nonlinear problem with Signorini contact conditions. To solve this problem, we discuss a new coupling of finite element and boundary element by adding an auxiliary circle. We first derive an asymptotic error estimate of the approximation to the coupled FEM-BEM variational inequality. Then we design an iterative method for solving the coupled system, in which only three standard subproblems without involving any boundary integral equation are solved. It will be shown that the convergence speed of this iteration method is independent of the mesh size.     

AN H-BASED A- φMETHOD WITH A NONMATCHING GRID FOR EDDY CURRENT PROBLEM WITH DISCONTINUOUS COEFFICIENTS

In this paper, we investigate the finite element A-φ method to approximate the eddy current equations with discontinuous coefficients in general three-dimensional Lipschitz polyhedral eddy current region. Nonmatching finite element meshes on the interface are considered and optimal error estimates are obtained.     

A partially insulated interface crack between a graded orthotropic coating and a homogeneous orthotropic substrate under heat flux supply

In this paper, thermal response of an orthotropic functionally graded coating-substrate structure with a partially insulated interface crack under heat flux supply is considered. It is assumed that there exists thermal resistance to heat conduction through the crack region. The mixed boundary value problems are reduced to a system of singular integral equations and solved numerically. Higher order asymptotic terms for the singular integral kernels are considered to improve the accuracy and the convergence efficiency of the numerical integrals. Numerical results are presented to show the effects of the orthotropy parameters, thermo-elastic nonhomogeneity parameters, and dimensionless thermal resistance on the temperature distribution and the thermal stress intensity factors (SIFs).     

非线性抛物方程耦合的离散化及其误差分析

0　引　　言对于线性抛物型初边值问题的有限元与边界元耦合法,我们已作过研究(可参见[2],[3]).然而,许多实际问题,如流体、对流扩散、热辐射及热传输等涉及到非线性问题,因此研究非线性问题的数值方法显得尤为重要.近年来,G.N.Gatica与G.C.Hsiao已将有限元(FEM)与边界元(BEM)耦合法拓广到非线性椭圆问题(如[5],[6]),但如何应用FEM与BEM耦合法来处理非线性抛物型初边值问题,就作者所知迄今为止尚属空白.这里我们试图对此进行研究.设Ω为R2中一有界单连通区域,其边界为Γ:=Ω.Ωc:=R2\Ω为闭区域Ω的补区域,I:=(0,T].我们考虑如…     

色氨酸等荧光光谱机理的计算机拟合分析

本文通过计算机拟合分析方法得到色氨酸，酪氨酸与苯丙氨酸荧光光谱解析表达式中的有关参数，同时采用模拟方法得出上述荧光光谱的模拟谱，并与实验谱相比较爱些氨基酸发射荧光的机理，反映了计算机拟合与模拟分析方法的特色与在光谱分析中的应用。     

抛物型初边值问题的有限元与边界积分耦合的离散化及其误差分析

1．引言边界元方法是近二十几年来迅速发展起来的一类新的偏微分方程的数值方法．它的独特之处是将空间的维数降低一维,从而倍受工程技术人员的青睐,并在工程技术与计算数学领域得到越来越广泛的重视和研究．对椭圆型问题,边界元方法的理论与应用研究已取得丰硕成果;对发展型问题,近年来在理论方面的研究也已取得重要进展［6－11］．但边界元方法难以处理非均质问题,而有限元对各类问题及各种区域具有较好的适应性,将两者结合起来可充分发挥各自的优点．文山提出了一种抛物方程初边值问题的有限元与边界积分的耦合方法,其主要思想是…     

二维发展型对流占优扩散方程的FD-SD法的后验误差估计

引言 对流占优扩散问题是流体力学中一个典型的模型问题,对其数值求解始终是众多学者相当关心的课题．［１１］中指出,即使对于线性问题,通常其解在外流边界附近也会产生剧烈变化．倘若在内流边界上所给出的边值函数存在不连续点时,则在沿过此不连续点的特征线（流线）附近会出现断层．因此在数值求解对流占优扩散问题时,尽管标准有限元法具有高阶精度,但常产生数值剧烈振荡Ｓ而古典人工粘性Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ法虽具有较好的稳定性,但仅具有一阶精度．流线扩散法（Ｓｔｒｅａｍｌｉｎｅ　 Ｄｉｆｆｕｓｉｏｎ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ,简称 ＳＤ…